跳至主要内容

Expression Imbalance of Cholinergic M2 and M3 Receptors Contributes to the Motility Reduction of the Small Intestine in Spleen Qi Deficiency

Read full paper at:
http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperInformation.aspx?PaperID=52206#.VIj7rcnQrzE

Objective: To study roles of cholinergic M2 and M3 receptors in the motility reduction of small intestine (SI) in spleen qi deficiency. Methods: 16 male SD rats were randomly divided in the control group and spleen qi deficiency group (model group)—8 rats each group; spleen qi deficiency model of the improper diet and overfatigue was established; the SI propelling rate (SIPR) was used to evaluate the SI motility; ELISA was used to measure concentrations of acetylcholine (ACh), cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and protein kinase A (PKA) in the SI tissue; immohistochemistry was employed to detect expressions of cholinergic M2 and M3 receptors. Results: Compared with those in the control group, SIPR was reduced; expression of M2 receptors was increased; and expression of M3 receptors and concentrations of cAMP and PKA were decreased, significantly, in the model group. Conclusions: Expression imbalance of cholinergic M2 and M3 receptors might contribute to the motility reduction of the SI in spleen qi deficiency.
Cite this paper
Zhao, F. , Liu, X. , Liu, W. , Cai, J. , Wang, L. , Yu, H. , Wang, L. , Zhang, L. , Wang, D. and Shan, D. (2014) Expression Imbalance of Cholinergic M2 and M3 Receptors Contributes to the Motility Reduction of the Small Intestine in Spleen Qi Deficiency. Chinese Medicine, 5, 165-169. doi: 10.4236/cm.2014.54020. 
 

[1] Ganong, W.F. (2005) Review of Medical Physiology. 22nd Edition, McGraw-Hill Medical, New York.
[2] Unno, T., Matsuyama, H. and Komori, S. (2003) Interaction between the M2and M3-Receptor Subtypes in Muscarinic Electrical and Mechanical Responses of Intestinal Smooth Muscles. Neurophysiology, 35, 262-273.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:NEPH.0000008787.19396.d4
[3] Ehlert, F.J. (2003) Pharmacological Analysis of the Contractile Role of M2 and M3 Muscarinic Receptors in Smooth Muscle. Receptors and Channels, 9, 261-277.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10606820308265
[4] Matsui, M., Motomura, D., Fujikawa, T., Jiang, J., Takahashi, S., Manabe, T. and Taketo, M.M. (2002) Mice Lacking M2 and M3 Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptors Are Devoid of Cholinergic Smooth Muscle Contractions But Still Viable. Journal of Neuroscience, 22, 10627-10632.
[5] Haga, T. (2013) Molecular Properties of Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptors. Proceedings of the Japan Academy. Series B, Physical and Biological Sciences, 89, 226-256.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2183/pjab.89.226
[6] Tobin, G., Giglio, D. and Lundgren, O. (2009) Muscarinic Receptor Subtypes in the Alimentary Tract. Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology, 60, 3-21.
[7] Zholos, A.V., Tsvilovskyy, V.V. and Bolton, T.B. (2003) Muscarinic Cholinergic Excitation of Smooth Muscle: Signal Transduction and Single Cationic Channel Properties. Neurophysiolfogy, 35, 283-301.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:NEPH.0000008789.82582.42
[8] Griffin, M.T., Matsui, M., Ostromm, R.S. and Ehlert, F.J. (2009) The Guinea Pig Ileum Lacks the Direct, Highpotency, M2-Muscarinic, Contractile Mechanism Characteristic of the Mouse Ileum. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg’s Archives of Pharmacology, 380, 327-335.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00210-009-0434-8                 eww141211lx
标签：

评论

发表评论

此博客中的热门博文

Does Immigration Promote the Investment of the Monopolistic Firm?

In the present paper, we examine the effect of increasing uncertainty of immigrants’ growth on the optimal timing of investment of a firm that has a monopolistic power over the labor market. It is revealed that when the uncertainty of immigrants’ growth is more than a threshold level, increasing uncertainty of immigrants’ growth accelerates the optimal timing of firms’ investment and enhances the economic growth, even if the uncertainty of immigrants’ growth is formulated by the geometric Brownian motion, which is in sharp contrast to the standard result that an increase in the uncertainty postpones the optimal timing. With an increase in the immigrants over the past ten years, workforces in the host countries have been growing significantly to the extent that the immigrants represent 70% of the increase in the workforce in Europe, and 47% in the United States as OECD indicates. In the present paper, we attempted to investigate the effect of increased uncertainty caused by the growi...
发表评论
阅读全文

Education Policy Implementation: A Mechanism for Enhancing Primary Education Development in Zanzibar

Education is one of the fundamental rights of individuals; therefore, the government of a country needs to develop and strengthen educational policy and quality as well as to ensure that everyone has equal access to basic education. The improvement of access and quality of education in the world is becoming as an essential factor in development, whereas the basic education (primary school), is acknowledged as a foundation of the higher educational development for every country. To fulfill this goal, governments introduce several policies and procedures; however, it requires some reforms and participation from the politician, policymakers, and other stakeholders to re-examine educational policy so that it can lead to multiplication and betterment of the reforms. Educational reforms actually focus on accountability. A positive educational development and reform is very challenging and needs more effort and strategy on how to use and utilize the resources effectively as such it can achie...
发表评论
阅读全文