跳至主要内容

An Opportunity to Switch Energy Sources in Institutions in the Kilimanjaro Region, Tanzania and Benefit from Carbon Finance under the Sustainable Land Management Project

Read full paper at:
http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperInformation.aspx?PaperID=52455#.VJjJdcCAM4

The sustainable land management (SLM) project is seeking to engage with public institutions to explore the possibility of using the energy-switch principle presented by the carbon market to reduce emissions from inefficient use of biomass energy and discharge of human waste into the environment. Such a switch will be a triple-win situation that improves the natural environment, reduces deforestation, and provides avenues for revenue generation. As such, it commissioned a study of the pattern of energy consumption in the institutions and the type of cooking stoves they employ. Results show that firewood (51%) is the most widely used fuel because of availability, affordability, and reliability. The study also found that 56% of the institutions use energy-saving stoves, which is an opportunity that the project can seize to encourage use of alternatives sources of energy as opposed to biomass. In addition, 88% of the institutions expressed willingness to switch to biogas for cooking. This is yet another opportunity for scaling up the dissemination of renewable sources of energy in the region. Better adoption and wider use of renewable energy sources will take place when innovative financing mechanisms are devised to cover the high upfront cost of installing renewable energy systems. This has been one of the main barriers to scaling up the use of renewable in the region.
Cite this paper
Mutimba, S. , Mkanda, F. and Kibulo, R. (2014) An Opportunity to Switch Energy Sources in Institutions in the Kilimanjaro Region, Tanzania and Benefit from Carbon Finance under the Sustainable Land Management Project. Open Journal of Soil Science, 4, 494-501. doi: 10.4236/ojss.2014.413047. 
 

[1] Kilimanjaro Regional Secretariat (2011) Kilimanjaro Region Strategic Plan 2011/12-2015/16.
[2] United Republic of Tanzania Population and Housing Census (2013) Population Distribution by Administrative Areas. National Bureau of Statistics, Ministry of Finance, Dar es Salaam, and Office of Chief Government Statistician, President’s Office, Finance, Economy and Development Planning, Zanzibar, 244 p.
[3] Bauner, D., Sundell, M., Senyagawa, J. and Doyle, J. (2012) Sustainable Energy Markets in Tanzania; Report II: Analysis and Conclusions. Renewable Energy Technologies. Stockholm Institute, 36 p.
[4] Mutimba, S. (2014) Scaling up Fuel Efficient Technologies for Domestic, Institutions and Industrial Use with Carbon Benefits in the Kilimanjaro Region, Final Report. Consultancy Report, Sustainable Land Management Project. Regional Administrative Secretary-Kilimanjaro/United Nations Development Programme, Tanzania, 77 p.
[5] Arnold, J.E.M., Kohlin, G. and Persson, R. (2005) Fuelwoods, Livelihoods, and Policy Interventions: Changing Perspectives. World Development, 34, 596-611.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2005.08.008
[6] Tanzania Domestic Biogas Programme (Undated) History of Biogas in Tanzania.
http://www.biogas-tanzania.org/tdbp/about/category/history_of_biogas_in_tanzania
[7] Parfitt, J. (1997) Questionnaire Design; Methods in Human Geography. A Guide for Students Doing a Research Project, 77-109.
[8] Valentine, G. (1997) Tell Me about Using Interviews as a Research Methodology; Methods in Human Geography. A Guide for Students Doing a Research Project, 110-253.
[9] Anon (Undated) Sampling Design and Procedures.
http://www.cengage.com/marketing/book_content/1439080674_zikmund/book/ch16.pdf
[10] International Energy Agency and World Health Organization (2010) Energy Poverty: How to Make Modern Energy Access Universal? Special Early Excerpt of the World Energy Outlook 2010 for the 2010 UN MDG Review Summit.                                                eww141223lx
标签：

评论

发表评论

此博客中的热门博文

A Comparison of Methods Used to Determine the Oleic/Linoleic Acid Ratio in Cultivated Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)

Cultivated peanut ( Arachis hypogaea L.) is an important oil and food crop. It is also a cheap source of protein, a good source of essential vitamins and minerals, and a component of many food products. The fatty acid composition of peanuts has become increasingly important with the realization that oleic acid content significantly affects the development of rancidity. And oil content of peanuts significantly affects flavor and shelf-life. Early generation screening of breeding lines for high oleic acid content greatly increases the efficiency of developing new peanut varieties. The objective of this study was to compare the accuracy of methods used to classify individual peanut seed as high oleic or not high oleic. Three hundred and seventy-four (374) seeds, spanning twenty-three (23) genotypes varying in oil composition (i.e. high oleic (H) or normal/not high oleic (NH) inclusive of all four peanut market-types (runner, Spanish, Valencia and Virginia), were individually tested ...
发表评论
阅读全文

Location Optimization of a Coal Power Plant to Balance Costs against Plant’s Emission Exposure

Fuel and its delivery cost comprise the biggest expense in coal power plant operations. Delivery of electricity from generation to consumers requires investment in power lines and transmission grids. Placing a coal power plant or multiple power plants near dense population centers can lower transmission costs. If a coalmine is nearby, transportation costs can also be reduced. However, emissions from coal plants play a key role in worsening health crises in many countries. And coal upon combustion produces CO 2 , SO 2 , NO x , CO, Metallic and Particle Matter (PM10 & PM2.5). The presence of these chemical compounds in the atmosphere in close vicinity to humans, livestock, and agriculture carries detrimental health consequences. The goal of the research was to develop a methodology to minimize the public’s exposure to harmful emissions from coal power plants while maintaining minimal operational costs related to electric distribution losses and coal logistics. The objective was...
发表评论
阅读全文

Evaluation of the Safety and Efficacy of Continuous Use of a Home-Use High-Frequency Facial Treatment Appliance

At present, many home-use beauty devices are available in the market. In particular, many products developed for facial treatment use light, e.g., a flash lamp or a light-emitting diode (LED). In this study, the safety of 4 weeks’ continuous use of NEWA TM , a high-frequency facial treatment appliance, every alternate day at home was verified, and its efficacy was evaluated in Japanese individuals with healthy skin aged 30 years or older who complained of sagging of the facial skin.  Transepidermal water loss (TEWL), melanin levels, erythema levels, sebum secretion levels, skin color changes and wrinkle improvement in the facial skin were measured before the appliance began to be used (study baseline), at 2 and 4 weeks after it had begun to be used, and at 2 weeks after completion of the 4-week treatment period (6 weeks from the study baseline). In addition, data obtained by subjective evaluation by the subjects themselves on a visual analog scale (VAS) were also analyzed. Fur...
发表评论
阅读全文