跳至主要内容

A Survey of Experience Gained from the Treatment of Coal Mine Wastewater

Read full paper at:
http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperInformation.aspx?PaperID=52397#.VJOSbcCAM4

During coal mining, water resources may be polluted by acid mine drainage (AMD) if appropriate measures are not taken. AMD releases metals to the environment, which can be harmful to aquatic species and reduce biodiversity. There is a great deal of information available in the literature on the generation and treatment of AMD and this paper tries to summarize some of them in order to facilitate the choice of the most appropriate method for AMD treatment at a specific mining site. The objective of this study was to identify and describe different methods of treating polluted water from coal mining, and to discuss the choice of suitable methods at specific mining sites. Both active and passive methods of AMD treatment are discussed in order to provide a general picture of the measures that have been taken around the world by coal mining companies. From this study, we were able to conclude that in order to choose the appropriate method for a specific mining site it is necessary to analyze the chemistry of the acid water and the flow rate from that site. The cost, implementability and effectiveness of the method should also be considered. Minimizing the amount of drainage water generated is naturally the first choice of management strategy and the containment of the AMD is the second choice. The third alternative is the treatment of the wastewater.
Cite this paper
Pondja Jr., E. , Persson, K. and Matsinhe, N. (2014) A Survey of Experience Gained from the Treatment of Coal Mine Wastewater. Journal of Water Resource and Protection, 6, 1646-1658. doi: 10.4236/jwarp.2014.618148. 
 

[1] INAP (2013) The Global Acid Rock Drainage Guide. International Network for Acid Prevention (INAP), 2013.
[2] Lottermoser, B.G. (2010) Mine Wates: Characterization, Treatment and Environmental Impacts. 3rd Edition Edition, Queensland: Springer, 2010.
[3] Akcil, A. and Koldas, S. (2005) Acid Mine Drainage: Causes, Treatment and Case Studies. Cleaner Production, 2005.
[4] Skousen, J., Geidel, G., Foreman, R., Evans, R. and Hellier, W. (1998) A Handbook of Technologies for Avoidance and Remediation of Acid Mine Drainage. National Mine Land reclamation Center, Virginia.
[5] MEND (2008) Acid Rock Drainage Prediction Manual. Electronic Revision Edition, Mend, Pacoima.
[6] Jennings, S., Neuman, D. and Blicker, P. (2008) Acid Mine Drainage and Effects on Fish Health and Ecology: A Review. Reclamation Research Group, Alaska.
[7] Dharmappa, H., Wingrove, K., Sivakumar, M. and Singh, R. (1999) Wastewater and Storwater Minimisation in a Coal Mine. Journal of Cleaner Production, 8, 24-34.
[8] EPA (2008) Coal Mining Detailed Study. United States Environmental Protection Agency, Washington DC.
[9] Taylor, J., Pape, S. and Murphy, N. (2005) A Summary of Passive and Active Treatment Technology for Acid and Metalliferous Drainage. Earth Systems, Fremantle.
[10] Kuyucak, N. (2006) Selecting Suitable Methods for Treating Mining Effluent. Golder Association.
[11] Maree, J.P., Strydom, W.F., Adlem, C.J.L., de Beer, M., van Tonder, G.J. and van Dijk, B.J. (2004) Neutralization of Acid Mine Water and Sludge Disposal. CSIR.
[12] DWA (2013) Feasibility Study for a Long Term Solution to Address the Acid Mine Drainage Associated with the East, Central and West Rand Underground Mining Basins. Department of Water Affairs (DWA), Pretoria.
[13] Trumm, D. (2010) Selection of Active and Passive Treatment System for AMD—Flow Chart for New Zealand Conditions. Journal of Geology and Geophysics, 53, 195-210.
[14] Zipper, C., Skousen, J. and Jage, C. (2011) Passive Treatment of Acid Mine Drainage. Virginia Tech, Blacksburg.
[15] Watzlaf, G.R., Schroeder, K.T. and Kairies, C.L. (2000) Long Term Performance of Anoxic Limestone Drain. Mine Water and the Environment, 19, 98-110.
[16] Ordónez, A., Loredo, J. and Pendás, F. (2012) A Successive Alkalinity Producing System (SAPS) as Operational Unit in a Hybrid Passive Treatment System for Acid Mine Drainage. Mine Water and Environment, 575-580.
[17] Hedin, R., Narin, R. and Kleinmann, R. (1994) Passive Treatment of Coal mine Drainage. Bureau of Mines.
[18] Ford, K. (2003) Passive Treatment Systems for Acid Mine Drainage. Technical Note 409. Bureau of Land Management, Colorado.
[19] Magdziorz, A. and Sewerynsky, J. (2000) The Use of Membrane Technique in Mineralize Water Treatment for Drinking and Domestic Purposes at Pakoj Coal Mine District Under Liquidation. Central Mining Institute, Department of Water Protection.
[20] Skousen, J. and Ziemkiewicz, P. (2005) Performance of 116 Passive Treatment Systems for Acid Mine Drainage. Proceedings of the 2005 National Meeting of the American Society of Mining and Reclamation, Breckenridge, 19-23 June 2005, 1103.
[21] EPA (2006) Management and Treatment of Water from Hard Rock Mine. United States Environmental Protection Agency, Washington DC.
[22] Kirby, C., Dennis, A. and Kahler, A. (2009) Aeration to Degas CO2, Increase pH and Increase Iron Oxidation Rates for Efficient Treatment of Alkaline Mine Drainage. Applied Geochemistry, 24, 1175-1184.
[23] Geldenhuys, A., Maree, J., Beer, M. and Hlabela, P. (2003) An Integrated Limestone/Lime Process for Partial Sulphate Removal. The Journal of the South African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, 345-354.   eww141219lx
标签：

评论

发表评论

此博客中的热门博文

A Comparison of Methods Used to Determine the Oleic/Linoleic Acid Ratio in Cultivated Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)

Cultivated peanut ( Arachis hypogaea L.) is an important oil and food crop. It is also a cheap source of protein, a good source of essential vitamins and minerals, and a component of many food products. The fatty acid composition of peanuts has become increasingly important with the realization that oleic acid content significantly affects the development of rancidity. And oil content of peanuts significantly affects flavor and shelf-life. Early generation screening of breeding lines for high oleic acid content greatly increases the efficiency of developing new peanut varieties. The objective of this study was to compare the accuracy of methods used to classify individual peanut seed as high oleic or not high oleic. Three hundred and seventy-four (374) seeds, spanning twenty-three (23) genotypes varying in oil composition (i.e. high oleic (H) or normal/not high oleic (NH) inclusive of all four peanut market-types (runner, Spanish, Valencia and Virginia), were individually tested ...
发表评论
阅读全文

Location Optimization of a Coal Power Plant to Balance Costs against Plant’s Emission Exposure

Fuel and its delivery cost comprise the biggest expense in coal power plant operations. Delivery of electricity from generation to consumers requires investment in power lines and transmission grids. Placing a coal power plant or multiple power plants near dense population centers can lower transmission costs. If a coalmine is nearby, transportation costs can also be reduced. However, emissions from coal plants play a key role in worsening health crises in many countries. And coal upon combustion produces CO 2 , SO 2 , NO x , CO, Metallic and Particle Matter (PM10 & PM2.5). The presence of these chemical compounds in the atmosphere in close vicinity to humans, livestock, and agriculture carries detrimental health consequences. The goal of the research was to develop a methodology to minimize the public’s exposure to harmful emissions from coal power plants while maintaining minimal operational costs related to electric distribution losses and coal logistics. The objective was...
发表评论
阅读全文

Evaluation of the Safety and Efficacy of Continuous Use of a Home-Use High-Frequency Facial Treatment Appliance

At present, many home-use beauty devices are available in the market. In particular, many products developed for facial treatment use light, e.g., a flash lamp or a light-emitting diode (LED). In this study, the safety of 4 weeks’ continuous use of NEWA TM , a high-frequency facial treatment appliance, every alternate day at home was verified, and its efficacy was evaluated in Japanese individuals with healthy skin aged 30 years or older who complained of sagging of the facial skin.  Transepidermal water loss (TEWL), melanin levels, erythema levels, sebum secretion levels, skin color changes and wrinkle improvement in the facial skin were measured before the appliance began to be used (study baseline), at 2 and 4 weeks after it had begun to be used, and at 2 weeks after completion of the 4-week treatment period (6 weeks from the study baseline). In addition, data obtained by subjective evaluation by the subjects themselves on a visual analog scale (VAS) were also analyzed. Fur...
发表评论
阅读全文