跳至主要内容

Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells Based on TiO2 Nanoparticles Modified by Wet Milling

Read full paper at:
http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperInformation.aspx?PaperID=51606#.VHKBc2fHRK1

TiO2 nanoparticles were produced from a commercial anatase powder through a wet milling process. The effect of grinding intensity, which is directly dependent on the operating parameters, was analyzed and the performance of polyethylene glycol (PEG400) as a dispersing agent in the milling system was also tested. The results showed that the processes using polyethylene glycol achieved a greater fragmentation of particles. This could be observed in the histograms made from SEM images taken from samples of powders from the processes, whose populations reached an average size of approximately 90 nm. The TiO2 powders obtained by milling were then used in the manufacture of dye-sensitized solar cells. It was verified that the powders produced using the dispersing agent achieved the greatest efficiencies, the highest being 0.94%. The current produced by the cells proved to be very low compared to the voltages obtained which gave acceptable values up to 0.81 V.
Cite this paper
Huamán, A. , Quintana, M. , Rodriguez, J. and Estrada, W. (2014) Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells Based on TiO2 Nanoparticles Modified by Wet Milling. Energy and Power Engineering, 6, 473-480. doi: 10.4236/epe.2014.613040.

[1] Raab, C., Simkó, M. and Fiedeler, U. (2011) Production of Nanoparticles and Nanomaterials. NanoTrust-Dossier, 6, 1-4.
[2] Stenger, F., Mende, S., Schwedes, J. and Peukert, W. (2005) Nanomilling in Stirred Media Mills. Chemical Engineering Science, 60, 4557-4565.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2005.02.057
[3] Bilgili, E., Hamey, R. and Scarlett, B. (2006) Nano-Milling of Pigment Agglomerates Using a Wet Stirred Media Mill: Elucidation of the Kinetics and Breakage Mechanisms. Chemical Engineering Science, 61, 149-157.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2004.11.063
[4] Bel Fadhel, H. and Frances, C. (2001) Wet batch Grinding of Alumina Hydrate in a Stirred Bead Mill. Powder Technology, 119, 257-268.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0032-5910(01)00266-2
[5] He, M., Wang, Y. and Forssberg, E. (2006) Parameter Effects on Wet Ultrafine Grinding of Limestone through Slurry Rheology in a Stirred Media Mill. Powder Technology, 161, 10-21.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2005.08.026
[6] Suryanarayana, C. (2001) Mechanical Alloying and Milling. Progress in Materials Science, 46, 1-184.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0079-6425(99)00010-9
[7] Estrada, W., Solís, J. and Rodriguez, J. (2009) Recubrimientos delgados obtenidos por procedimientos físico-químicos. Editorial universitaria de la Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería, Lima.
[8] Diebold, U. (2003) The Surface Science of Titanium Dioxide. Surface Science Reports, 48, 53-229.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0167-5729(02)00100-0
[9] Hagfeldt, A., Cappel, U.B., Boschloo, G. and Sun, L. (2012) Dye-Sensitized Photoelectrochemical Cells: Practical Handbook of Photovoltaics. Elsevier Science Ltd., Berlin, 477-542.
[10] Bid, S. and Pradhan, S.K. (2004) Characterization of Crystalline Structure of Ball-Milled Nano Ni-Zn-Ferrite by Rietveld Method. Materials Chemistry and Physics, 84, 291-301.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matchemphys.2003.08.012       eww141124lx
  
标签：

评论

发表评论

此博客中的热门博文

Does Immigration Promote the Investment of the Monopolistic Firm?

In the present paper, we examine the effect of increasing uncertainty of immigrants’ growth on the optimal timing of investment of a firm that has a monopolistic power over the labor market. It is revealed that when the uncertainty of immigrants’ growth is more than a threshold level, increasing uncertainty of immigrants’ growth accelerates the optimal timing of firms’ investment and enhances the economic growth, even if the uncertainty of immigrants’ growth is formulated by the geometric Brownian motion, which is in sharp contrast to the standard result that an increase in the uncertainty postpones the optimal timing. With an increase in the immigrants over the past ten years, workforces in the host countries have been growing significantly to the extent that the immigrants represent 70% of the increase in the workforce in Europe, and 47% in the United States as OECD indicates. In the present paper, we attempted to investigate the effect of increased uncertainty caused by the growi...
发表评论
阅读全文

Education Policy Implementation: A Mechanism for Enhancing Primary Education Development in Zanzibar

Education is one of the fundamental rights of individuals; therefore, the government of a country needs to develop and strengthen educational policy and quality as well as to ensure that everyone has equal access to basic education. The improvement of access and quality of education in the world is becoming as an essential factor in development, whereas the basic education (primary school), is acknowledged as a foundation of the higher educational development for every country. To fulfill this goal, governments introduce several policies and procedures; however, it requires some reforms and participation from the politician, policymakers, and other stakeholders to re-examine educational policy so that it can lead to multiplication and betterment of the reforms. Educational reforms actually focus on accountability. A positive educational development and reform is very challenging and needs more effort and strategy on how to use and utilize the resources effectively as such it can achie...
发表评论
阅读全文