跳至主要内容

Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells Based on TiO2 Nanoparticles Modified by Wet Milling

Read full paper at:
http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperInformation.aspx?PaperID=51606#.VHKBc2fHRK1

TiO2 nanoparticles were produced from a commercial anatase powder through a wet milling process. The effect of grinding intensity, which is directly dependent on the operating parameters, was analyzed and the performance of polyethylene glycol (PEG400) as a dispersing agent in the milling system was also tested. The results showed that the processes using polyethylene glycol achieved a greater fragmentation of particles. This could be observed in the histograms made from SEM images taken from samples of powders from the processes, whose populations reached an average size of approximately 90 nm. The TiO2 powders obtained by milling were then used in the manufacture of dye-sensitized solar cells. It was verified that the powders produced using the dispersing agent achieved the greatest efficiencies, the highest being 0.94%. The current produced by the cells proved to be very low compared to the voltages obtained which gave acceptable values up to 0.81 V.
Cite this paper
Huamán, A. , Quintana, M. , Rodriguez, J. and Estrada, W. (2014) Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells Based on TiO2 Nanoparticles Modified by Wet Milling. Energy and Power Engineering, 6, 473-480. doi: 10.4236/epe.2014.613040.

[1] Raab, C., Simkó, M. and Fiedeler, U. (2011) Production of Nanoparticles and Nanomaterials. NanoTrust-Dossier, 6, 1-4.
[2] Stenger, F., Mende, S., Schwedes, J. and Peukert, W. (2005) Nanomilling in Stirred Media Mills. Chemical Engineering Science, 60, 4557-4565.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2005.02.057
[3] Bilgili, E., Hamey, R. and Scarlett, B. (2006) Nano-Milling of Pigment Agglomerates Using a Wet Stirred Media Mill: Elucidation of the Kinetics and Breakage Mechanisms. Chemical Engineering Science, 61, 149-157.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2004.11.063
[4] Bel Fadhel, H. and Frances, C. (2001) Wet batch Grinding of Alumina Hydrate in a Stirred Bead Mill. Powder Technology, 119, 257-268.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0032-5910(01)00266-2
[5] He, M., Wang, Y. and Forssberg, E. (2006) Parameter Effects on Wet Ultrafine Grinding of Limestone through Slurry Rheology in a Stirred Media Mill. Powder Technology, 161, 10-21.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2005.08.026
[6] Suryanarayana, C. (2001) Mechanical Alloying and Milling. Progress in Materials Science, 46, 1-184.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0079-6425(99)00010-9
[7] Estrada, W., Solís, J. and Rodriguez, J. (2009) Recubrimientos delgados obtenidos por procedimientos físico-químicos. Editorial universitaria de la Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería, Lima.
[8] Diebold, U. (2003) The Surface Science of Titanium Dioxide. Surface Science Reports, 48, 53-229.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0167-5729(02)00100-0
[9] Hagfeldt, A., Cappel, U.B., Boschloo, G. and Sun, L. (2012) Dye-Sensitized Photoelectrochemical Cells: Practical Handbook of Photovoltaics. Elsevier Science Ltd., Berlin, 477-542.
[10] Bid, S. and Pradhan, S.K. (2004) Characterization of Crystalline Structure of Ball-Milled Nano Ni-Zn-Ferrite by Rietveld Method. Materials Chemistry and Physics, 84, 291-301.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matchemphys.2003.08.012       eww141124lx
  
标签：

评论

发表评论

此博客中的热门博文

A Comparison of Methods Used to Determine the Oleic/Linoleic Acid Ratio in Cultivated Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)

Cultivated peanut ( Arachis hypogaea L.) is an important oil and food crop. It is also a cheap source of protein, a good source of essential vitamins and minerals, and a component of many food products. The fatty acid composition of peanuts has become increasingly important with the realization that oleic acid content significantly affects the development of rancidity. And oil content of peanuts significantly affects flavor and shelf-life. Early generation screening of breeding lines for high oleic acid content greatly increases the efficiency of developing new peanut varieties. The objective of this study was to compare the accuracy of methods used to classify individual peanut seed as high oleic or not high oleic. Three hundred and seventy-four (374) seeds, spanning twenty-three (23) genotypes varying in oil composition (i.e. high oleic (H) or normal/not high oleic (NH) inclusive of all four peanut market-types (runner, Spanish, Valencia and Virginia), were individually tested ...
发表评论
阅读全文

Location Optimization of a Coal Power Plant to Balance Costs against Plant’s Emission Exposure

Fuel and its delivery cost comprise the biggest expense in coal power plant operations. Delivery of electricity from generation to consumers requires investment in power lines and transmission grids. Placing a coal power plant or multiple power plants near dense population centers can lower transmission costs. If a coalmine is nearby, transportation costs can also be reduced. However, emissions from coal plants play a key role in worsening health crises in many countries. And coal upon combustion produces CO 2 , SO 2 , NO x , CO, Metallic and Particle Matter (PM10 & PM2.5). The presence of these chemical compounds in the atmosphere in close vicinity to humans, livestock, and agriculture carries detrimental health consequences. The goal of the research was to develop a methodology to minimize the public’s exposure to harmful emissions from coal power plants while maintaining minimal operational costs related to electric distribution losses and coal logistics. The objective was...
发表评论
阅读全文

Evaluation of the Safety and Efficacy of Continuous Use of a Home-Use High-Frequency Facial Treatment Appliance

At present, many home-use beauty devices are available in the market. In particular, many products developed for facial treatment use light, e.g., a flash lamp or a light-emitting diode (LED). In this study, the safety of 4 weeks’ continuous use of NEWA TM , a high-frequency facial treatment appliance, every alternate day at home was verified, and its efficacy was evaluated in Japanese individuals with healthy skin aged 30 years or older who complained of sagging of the facial skin.  Transepidermal water loss (TEWL), melanin levels, erythema levels, sebum secretion levels, skin color changes and wrinkle improvement in the facial skin were measured before the appliance began to be used (study baseline), at 2 and 4 weeks after it had begun to be used, and at 2 weeks after completion of the 4-week treatment period (6 weeks from the study baseline). In addition, data obtained by subjective evaluation by the subjects themselves on a visual analog scale (VAS) were also analyzed. Fur...
发表评论
阅读全文