跳至主要内容

Development of a Hybrid Best Management Practice System for Control of Agricultural Nonpoint Water Pollution

Read full paper at:
http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperInformation.aspx?PaperID=51707#.VHVl2mfHRK0

Agricultural drainage ditches play an important role in removing surplus water; however, these can also potentially act as major conduits of agricultural nonpoint source pollutants, including sediment, nitrogen, and phosphorus. A supplementary hybrid system to limit such pollution was developed in this study; this consists of biodegradable fiber check dams, used in combination with a synthetic polymer (Polyacrylamide, PAM). An open channel experiment was conducted to optimize the design of the hybrid system, taking into account a variety of physical and hydraulic conditions. Subsequent field application of the hybrid system improved runoff water quality, such as 10.0% to 98.3% reduction for suspended solids, 25.2% to 98.4% reduction for turbidity, 21.1% to 91.1% increase for BOD, 19.2% to 75.4% increase for COD, 21.0% to 73.3% reduction for T-N, 5.9% to 91.2% reduction for T-P and 35.7% to 97.6% reduction for fecal coliforms. This clearly showed that this hybrid system could play a significant role in supplementing conventional best management practices.
Cite this paper
Kim, M. , Kim, S. , Lee, S. and Cho, Y. (2014) Development of a Hybrid Best Management Practice System for Control of Agricultural Nonpoint Water Pollution. Journal of Agricultural Chemistry and Environment, 3, 161-168. doi: 10.4236/jacen.2014.34020. 
 

[1] Cho, J., Park, S. and Im, S. (2008) Evaluation of Agricultural Nonpoint Source (AGNPS) Model for Small Watersheds in Korea Applying Irregular Cell Delineation. Agricultural Water Management, 5, 400-408.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2007.11.001
[2] Korea Ministry of Environment (2006) Guidance Manual to Control Nonpoint Source Pollution. Korea Ministry of Environment, Gwacheon.
[3] United States Environment Protection Agency (US EPA) (2005) Protecting Water Quality from Agricultural Runoff. EPA 841-F-05-001.
[4] Tong, C.H., Yang, X.E. and Pu, P.M. (2003) Degradation of Aquatic Ecosystem in the Catchment of Mu-Ge Lake and Its Remediation Countermeasures. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 17, 72-88.
[5] Lee, S., Kim, M., Kim, S. and Yum, S. (2012) Sediment Reduction Using Activated Carbon from Paddy Fields at the Early Stage of Irrigation. The 18th Congress of the Asia and Pacific Division of the International Association for Hydro-Environment Engineering and Research, Jeju Island, 19-23 August 2012.
[6] McLaughlin, R.A., King, S.E. and Jennings, G.D. (2009) Improving Construction Site Runoff Quality with Fiber Check Dams and Polyacrylamide. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 64, 144-154.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2489/jswc.64.2.144
[7] Kang, J., McCaleb, M.M. and McLaughlin, R.A. (2013) Check Dam and Polyacrylamide Performance under Simulated Stormwater Runoff. Journal of Environmental Management, 129, 593-598.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2013.08.023
[8] Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) (1996) Control of Water Pollution from Agriculture— FAO Irrigation and Drainage Paper 55.
[9] Stott, D.E., Mohtar, R.H. and Steinhardt, G.C. (2001) Polyacrylamide: A Review of the Use, Effectiveness, and Cost of a Soil Erosion Control Amendment—Sustaining the Global Farm. The 10th International Soil Conservation Organization Meeting, 24-29 May 1999, Purdue University and The USDA-ARS National Soil Erosion Research Laboratory.
[10] McLaughlin, R.A. (2006) Polyacrylamide Blocks for Turbidity Control on Construction Sites. The American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, St. Joseph.
[11] Barvenik, F.W. (1994) Polyacrylamide Characteristics Related to Soil Applications. Soil Science, 158, 235-243. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00010694-199410000-00002
[12] Deskin, R. (1996) Product Stewardship Considerations in the Use of Polyacrylatnides in Soil Erosion Applications. In: Sojka, R.E. and Lentz, R.D., Eds., Proceedings of the Managing Irrigation-Induced Erosion and Infiltration with Polyacrylamide, 6-8 May 1996, College of Southern Idaho, 31-33.
[13] American Pulic Health Association (1995) Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Waste. 20th Edition, Washington DC.
[14] Ministry of Environment (2008) Standard Methods of Water Sampling and Analysis. Ministry of Environmnt, Incheon.
[15] Kim, M., Kim, S., Lee, S., Kim, Y. and Cho, Y. (2013) Biodegradable Check Dam and Synthetic Polymer, Its Experimental Evaluation for Turbidity Control of Agricultural Drainage Water. Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer, 46, 458-462.                                eww141126lx
标签：

评论

发表评论

此博客中的热门博文

Does Immigration Promote the Investment of the Monopolistic Firm?

In the present paper, we examine the effect of increasing uncertainty of immigrants’ growth on the optimal timing of investment of a firm that has a monopolistic power over the labor market. It is revealed that when the uncertainty of immigrants’ growth is more than a threshold level, increasing uncertainty of immigrants’ growth accelerates the optimal timing of firms’ investment and enhances the economic growth, even if the uncertainty of immigrants’ growth is formulated by the geometric Brownian motion, which is in sharp contrast to the standard result that an increase in the uncertainty postpones the optimal timing. With an increase in the immigrants over the past ten years, workforces in the host countries have been growing significantly to the extent that the immigrants represent 70% of the increase in the workforce in Europe, and 47% in the United States as OECD indicates. In the present paper, we attempted to investigate the effect of increased uncertainty caused by the growi...
发表评论
阅读全文

Education Policy Implementation: A Mechanism for Enhancing Primary Education Development in Zanzibar

Education is one of the fundamental rights of individuals; therefore, the government of a country needs to develop and strengthen educational policy and quality as well as to ensure that everyone has equal access to basic education. The improvement of access and quality of education in the world is becoming as an essential factor in development, whereas the basic education (primary school), is acknowledged as a foundation of the higher educational development for every country. To fulfill this goal, governments introduce several policies and procedures; however, it requires some reforms and participation from the politician, policymakers, and other stakeholders to re-examine educational policy so that it can lead to multiplication and betterment of the reforms. Educational reforms actually focus on accountability. A positive educational development and reform is very challenging and needs more effort and strategy on how to use and utilize the resources effectively as such it can achie...
发表评论
阅读全文