跳至主要内容

Synthesis and Characterization of Polysulfone Hydrogels

Read full paper at:
http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperInformation.aspx?PaperID=47892#.VEdE2FfHRK0

Polysulfone (PSF) membranes are frequently used in ultrafiltration, due totheirchemical and structural stability and mechanical robustness. Despite these advantages, successful utilization of this membrane technology has been greatly limited by the susceptibility of these membranes to fouling, due totheirhydrophobic nature. Here we report on the synthesis and characterisation of hydrophilic PSF membrane materials prepared by incorporation of polyvinyl alcohol, through chemical crosslinking to produce mechanically and chemically stable PSF hydrogels. The hydrogel composition was controlled at three different ratios to evaluate the effect of the PSF contributioni.e.25:75, 50:50 and 75:25. PSF hydrogels were characterized using high resolution scanningelectronmicroscopy (HR-SEM), cyclicvoltammetry (CV), and drop shape analysis techniques. The polysulfone hydrogels formed showed a decrease in contact angle by 50% for all hydrogels regardless of their polysulfone contribution, confirming an improvement in hydrophilic nature. The electron diffusion and ionic transport properties of thehydrogels as immobilised thin films in aqueous solutions,wereevaluated using cyclic voltammetry.
Cite this paper
Muya, F. , Phelane, L. , Baker, P. and Iwuoha, E. (2014) Synthesis and Characterization of Polysulfone Hydrogels. Journal of Surface Engineered Materials and Advanced Technology, 4, 227-236. doi: 10.4236/jsemat.2014.44025. 
 

[1] Al-Rabiah, A.A. (1999) Membrane Technology for Hydrogen Separation in Ethylene Plants. Chemical Engineering Science, 54, 943-950.
[2] Shen, Y., Zhao, W., Xiao, K. and Huang, X. (2010) A Systematic Insight into Fouling Propensity of Soluble Microbial Products in Membrane Bioreactors Based on Hydrophobic Interaction and Size Exclusion. Journal of Membrane Science, 346, 187-193.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2009.09.040
[3] Shon, H.K., Vigneswaran, S., Kim, I.S., Cho, J. and Ngo, H.H. (2006) Fouling of Ultrafiltration Membrane by Effluent Organic Matter: A Detailed Characterization Using Different Organic Fractions in Wastewater. Journal of Membrane Science, 278, 232-238.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2005.11.006
[4] Lee, J., Ahn, W.-Y. and Lee, C.-H. (2001) Comparison of the Filtration Characteristics between Attached and Suspended Growth Microorganisms in Submerged Membrane Bioreactor. Water Research, 35, 2435-2445.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0043-1354(00)00524-8
[5] Hua, H., Li, N., Wu, L., Zhong, H., Wu, G., Yuan, Z., Lin, X. and Tang, L. (2008) Anti-Fouling Ultrafiltration Membrane Prepared from Polysulfone-Graft-Methyl Acrylate Copolymers by UV-Induced Grafting Method. Journal of Environmental Sciences, 20, 565-570.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1001-0742(08)62095-1
[6] Richards, H.L., Baker, P.G.L. and Iwuoha, E. (2012) Metal Nanoparticle Modified Polysulfone Membranes for Use in Waste Water Treatment: A Critical Review. Journal of Surface Engineered Materials and Advanced Technology, 2, 183-193.
[7] Herzberg, M., Berry, D. and Raskin, L. (2010) Impact of Microfiltration Treatment of Secondary Wastewater Effluent on Biofouling of Reverse Osmosis Membranes. Water Research, 44, 167-176.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2009.09.022
[8] Yang, Y., Zhang, H.X., Wang, P., Zheng, Q.Z. and Li, J. (2007) The Influence of Nano-Sized TiO2 Fillers on the Morphologies and Properties of PSF UF Membrane. Journal of Membrane Science, 288, 231-238.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2006.11.019
[9] Maximous, N., Nakhla, G., Wan, W. and Wong, K. (2009) Preparation, Characterization and Performance of Al2O3/ PES Membrane for Wastewater Filtration. Journal of Membrane Science, 341, 67-75.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2009.05.040
[10] Wu, Z.G., Munoz, M. and Montero, O. (2009) The Synthesis of Nickel Nanoparticles by Hydrazine Reduction. Advanced Powder Technology, 21, 165-168.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apt.2009.10.012
[11] Guo, F., Zheng, H., Yang, Z. and Qian, Y. (2002) Synthesis of Cobalt Nanoparticles in Ethanol Hydrazine Alkaline System (EHAS) at Room Temperature. Materials Letters, 56, 906-909.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0167-577X(02)00635-3
[12] Zodrow, K., Brunet, L., Mahendra, S., Li, D., Zhang, A., Li, Q. and Alvarez, P.J.J. (2009) Polysulfone Ultrafiltration Membranes Impregnated with Silver Nanoparticles Show Improved Biofouling Resistance and Virus Removal. Water Research, 43, 715-723.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2008.11.014
[13] Schacht, E.H. (2004) Polymer Chemistry and Hydrogel System. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 3, 22.
[14] Hsu, S.C. and Williams, T.J. (1982) Evaluation of Factors Affection the Membrane Filters Technique for Testing Drinking Water. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 44, 453-460.
[15] Naim, R., Ismael, A.F., Saidi, H. and Saion, E. (2004) Development of Sulfonated Polysulfone Membranes as Material for Proton Exchange Membrane. Proceedings of Regional Symposium on Membrane Science and Technology, Johor Bharu, 21-25 April 2004, ID Code: 1037.
[16] Taurozzi, J.S., Arul, H., Bosak, V.Z., Burban, A.F., Voice, T.C., Bruening, M.L. and Tarabara, V.V. (2008) Effect of Filler Incorporation Route on the Properties of Polysulfone Silver Nanocomposite Membranes of Different Porosities. Journal of Membrane Science, 325, 58-68.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2008.07.010
[17] Ficai, D.M., Ficai, A., Voicu, G., Vasile, B.S., Guran, C. and Andronescu, E. (2010) Polysulfone Based Membranes with Desired Pores Characteristics. Materiale Plastice, 47, 24-27.
[18] Pretorius, J. (2013) Encyclopaedia of Life Support Systems, Future Challenges of Providing High Quality Water— Volume II. International Protocols Regarding Global Climate Change and the Impact of Water Resource.
http://www.eolss.net/sample-chapters/c07/e2-25-02-05.pdf
[19] Aroon, M.A., Ismail, A.F., Montazer-Rahmati, M.M. and Matsuura, T. (2010) Morphology and Permeation Properties of Polysulfone Membranes for Gas Separation: Effects of Non-Solvent Additives and Co-Solvent. Separation and Purification Technology, 72, 194-202.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2010.02.009
[20] Savage, N. and Diallo, M.S. (2005) Nanomaterials and Water Purification: Opportunities and Challenges. Journal of Nanoparticle Research, 7, 331-342.
[21] Kim, K.S., Lee, K.H., Cho, K. and Park, C.E. (2002) Surface Modification of Polysulfone Ultrafiltration Membrane by Oxygen Plasma Treatment. Journal of Membrane Science, 199, 135-145.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0376-7388(01)00686-X
[22] Syed, K.H., Al-Assaf, S. and Phillips, G.O. (2011) Hydrogels: Methods of Preparation, Characterisation and Applications. International Standard Book Number (ISBN) 978-953-307-268-5. Intech, Croatia.
[23] Miller, J.D., Veeramasuneni, S., Drelich, J., Yalamanchili, M.R. and Yamauchi, G. (1996) Effect of Roughness as Determined by Atomic Force Microscopy on the Wetting Properties of PTFE Thin Films. Polymer Engineering and Science, 36, 1849-1855.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.10580
[24] Hart, H. (1976) Organic Chemistry. A Short Course. 6th Edition, Houghton Mifflin, Dallas.
[25] Bowen, W.R., Hilal, N., Lovitt, R.W. and Williams, P.M. (1996) Visualisation of an Ultrafiltration Membrane by Non-Contact Atomic Force Microscopy at Single Pore Resolution. Journal of Membrane Science, 110, 229-232.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0376-7388(95)00262-6
[26] Bottino, A., Capanneli, G., Grosso, A., Monticelli, O., Cavalleri, O., Rolandi, R. and Soria, R. (1994) Surface Characterization of Ceramic Membranes by Atomic Force Microscopy. Journal of Membrane Science, 95, 289-296.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0376-7388(94)00132-4
[27] Bowen, W.R., Mohammad, A.W. and Hilal, N. (1997) Characterization of Nanofiltration Membrane for Predictive Purpose—Use of Salts, Uncharged Solutes and Atomic Force Microscopy. Journal of Membrane Science, 126, 91-105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0376-7388(96)00276-1
[28] Khulbe, K.C., Kruczek, B., Chowdhury, G., Gagne, S. and Matsuura, T. (1996) Surface Morphology of Homogeneous and Asymmetric Membranes Made from Poly(phenylene oxide) by Tapping Mode Atomic Force Microscope. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 59, 1151-1158.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-4628(19960214)59:7<1151::AID-APP12>3.0.CO;2-8
[29] Khulbe, K.C., Kruczek, B., Chowdhury, G., Gange, S., Matsuura, T. and Verma, S.P. (1996) Characterization of Membranes Prepared from PPO by Raman Scattering and Atomic Force Microscopy. Journal of Membrane Science, 111, 57-70.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0376-7388(95)00276-6
[30] Singh, S., Khulbe, K.C., Matsuura, T. and Ramamurthy, P. (1998) Membrane Characterization by Solute Transport and Atomic Force Microscopy. Journal of Membrane Science, 142, 111-127.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0376-7388(97)00329-3
[31] Yuan, Y. and Randall Lee, T. (2013) Contact Angle and Wetting Properties. Surface Sciences, 51, 3-34.
[32] Phelane, L., Muya, F.N., Richards, H.L., Baker, P.G.L. and Iwuoha, E.I. (2014) Polysulfone Nanocomposite Membranes with Improved Hydrophilicity. Electrochimica Acta, 128, 326-335.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2013.11.156
[33] Anandao, P., Fumie Sato, L., Weibeck, H. and Valenzuela-Diaz, F.R. (2010) Montmorillonite as a Component of Polysulfone Nanocomposite Membranes. Applied Clay Science, 48, 127-132.
[34] Peng, F., Huang, X., Jawor, A. and Hoek, E.M.V. (2010) Transport, Structural and Interfacial Properties of Poly(vinyl alcohol)-Polysulfone Composite Nanofiltration Memebranes. Journal of Membrane Science, 353, 169-176.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2010.02.044
[35] El-Aassar, A.-H.M. (2012) Polysulfone-Polyvinyl Alcohol Thin Film Nano-Composite Membranes: Synthesis, Characterisation and Application for Desalination of Saline Groundwater. Journal of Applied Science Research, 8, 3811-3822.                                             eww141022lx
标签：

评论

发表评论

此博客中的热门博文

Does Immigration Promote the Investment of the Monopolistic Firm?

In the present paper, we examine the effect of increasing uncertainty of immigrants’ growth on the optimal timing of investment of a firm that has a monopolistic power over the labor market. It is revealed that when the uncertainty of immigrants’ growth is more than a threshold level, increasing uncertainty of immigrants’ growth accelerates the optimal timing of firms’ investment and enhances the economic growth, even if the uncertainty of immigrants’ growth is formulated by the geometric Brownian motion, which is in sharp contrast to the standard result that an increase in the uncertainty postpones the optimal timing. With an increase in the immigrants over the past ten years, workforces in the host countries have been growing significantly to the extent that the immigrants represent 70% of the increase in the workforce in Europe, and 47% in the United States as OECD indicates. In the present paper, we attempted to investigate the effect of increased uncertainty caused by the growi...
发表评论
阅读全文

Education Policy Implementation: A Mechanism for Enhancing Primary Education Development in Zanzibar

Education is one of the fundamental rights of individuals; therefore, the government of a country needs to develop and strengthen educational policy and quality as well as to ensure that everyone has equal access to basic education. The improvement of access and quality of education in the world is becoming as an essential factor in development, whereas the basic education (primary school), is acknowledged as a foundation of the higher educational development for every country. To fulfill this goal, governments introduce several policies and procedures; however, it requires some reforms and participation from the politician, policymakers, and other stakeholders to re-examine educational policy so that it can lead to multiplication and betterment of the reforms. Educational reforms actually focus on accountability. A positive educational development and reform is very challenging and needs more effort and strategy on how to use and utilize the resources effectively as such it can achie...
发表评论
阅读全文