跳至主要内容

Specific Surface Free Energy of As-Grown and Polished Faces of Synthetic Quartz

Read full paper at:
http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperInformation.aspx?PaperID=50285#.VDSJTVfHRK0

Contact angles of water droplet on as-grown Z, +X, –X, and m faces of synthetic quartz crystals with growth term of 20 and 48 days, and polished Z, +X, –X, Y, and 45° cut faces of synthetic quartz crystal were observed. The average of the contact angles on as-grown Z, +X, and –X faces increased with the growth term, and they were larger than that on polished Z, +X, and –X faces. On the other hand, the average of the contact angles of water on m face decreased with the growth term, and they were smaller than that on polished Y cut face. Growth rate of the faces of synthetic crystals was measured and the order of growth rate was, m < –X < +X < Z. Specific surface free energy (SSFE) was calculated using Neumann’s equation. The SSFE of polished face was in the order of, m < –X < +X < Z, which corresponds to the order of the growth rate. The SSFE was larger for the face with larger growth rate.
Cite this paper
Suzuki, T. , Takahashi, K. , Kawasaki, M. and Kagami, T. (2014) Specific Surface Free Energy of As-Grown and Polished Faces of Synthetic Quartz. Journal of Crystallization Process and Technology, 4, 177-184. doi: 10.4236/jcpt.2014.44022.
 

[1] Brace, W.F. and Walsh, J.B. (1962) Some Direct Measurements of the Surface Energy of Quartz and Orthoclase. American Mineralogist, 47, 1111.
[2] Shimizu, R.N. and Demarquette, N.R. (2000) Evaluation of Surface Energy of Solid Polymers Using Different Models. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 76, 1831-1845.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-4628(20000620)76:12<1831::AID-APP14>3.0.CO;2-Q
[3] Li D., Moy E. and Neumann, A.W. (1990) The Equation of State Approach for Interfacial Tensions: Comments to Johnson and Dettre. Langmuir, 6, 885-888. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/la00094a032
[4] Schultz, J., Tsutsumi, K. and Donnet, J.B. (1977) Surface Properties of High-Energy Solids: I. Determination of the Dispersive Component of the Surface Free Energy of Mica and Its Energy of Adhesion to Water and n-Alkanes. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 59, 272-276.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0021-9797(77)90008-X
[5] Kessaissia, Z., Papirer, E. and Donnet, J.B. (1981) The Surface Energy of Silicas, Grafted with Alkyl Chains of Increasing Lengths, as Measured by Contact Angle Techniques. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 82, 526-533.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0021-9797(81)90394-5
[6] Suzuki, T., Iguchi, E., Teshima, K. and Oishi, S. (2007) Wulff’s Relationship of Ruby Single Crystals Grown from Molybdenum Trioxide Flux Studied by Contact Angles of Liquid Droplets. Chemical Physics Letters, 438, 127-131.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cplett.2007.02.060
[7] Suzuki, T., Shimuta, M. and Oishi, S. (2006) Surface Free Energy and Morphology of Chlorapatite Crystals Grown from Sodium Chloride Flux. Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan, 79, 427-431.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1246/bcsj.79.427
[8] Suzuki, T., Sugihara, N., Iguchi, E., Teshima, K., Oishi, S. and Kawasaki, M. (2007) Measurement of Specific Surface Free Energy of Ruby and Quartz Single Crystals Using Contact Angle of Liquids. Crystal Research and Technology, 42, 1217-1221. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/crat.200711008
[9] Suzuki, T. and Kasahara, H. (2010) Determination of the Specific Surface Free Energy of Natural Quartz Crystals Using Measurement of Contact Angle of Liquid Droplets. Crystal Research and Technology, 45, 1305-1308.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/crat.201000308
[10] Kawasaki, M., Onuma, K. and Sunagawa, I. (2003) Morphological Instabilities during Growth of a Rough Interface: AFM Observations of Cobbles on the (0 0 0 1) Face of Synthetic Quartz Crystals. Journal of Crystal Growth, 258, 188-196. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0022-0248(03)01509-4
[11] Kawasaki, M. (2003) Growth-Induced Inhomogeneities in Synthetic Quartz Crystals Revealed by the Cathodoluminescence Method. Journal of Crystal Growth, 247, 185-191.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0022-0248(02)01937-1
[12] Iwasaki, F., Iwasaki, H. and Okabe, Y. (1997) Growth Rate Anisotropy of Synthetic Quartz Grown in Na2CO3 Solution. Journal of Crystal Growth, 178, 648-652.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0022-0248(97)00132-2            eww141008lx
标签：

评论

发表评论

此博客中的热门博文

A Comparison of Methods Used to Determine the Oleic/Linoleic Acid Ratio in Cultivated Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)

Cultivated peanut ( Arachis hypogaea L.) is an important oil and food crop. It is also a cheap source of protein, a good source of essential vitamins and minerals, and a component of many food products. The fatty acid composition of peanuts has become increasingly important with the realization that oleic acid content significantly affects the development of rancidity. And oil content of peanuts significantly affects flavor and shelf-life. Early generation screening of breeding lines for high oleic acid content greatly increases the efficiency of developing new peanut varieties. The objective of this study was to compare the accuracy of methods used to classify individual peanut seed as high oleic or not high oleic. Three hundred and seventy-four (374) seeds, spanning twenty-three (23) genotypes varying in oil composition (i.e. high oleic (H) or normal/not high oleic (NH) inclusive of all four peanut market-types (runner, Spanish, Valencia and Virginia), were individually tested ...
发表评论
阅读全文

Location Optimization of a Coal Power Plant to Balance Costs against Plant’s Emission Exposure

Fuel and its delivery cost comprise the biggest expense in coal power plant operations. Delivery of electricity from generation to consumers requires investment in power lines and transmission grids. Placing a coal power plant or multiple power plants near dense population centers can lower transmission costs. If a coalmine is nearby, transportation costs can also be reduced. However, emissions from coal plants play a key role in worsening health crises in many countries. And coal upon combustion produces CO 2 , SO 2 , NO x , CO, Metallic and Particle Matter (PM10 & PM2.5). The presence of these chemical compounds in the atmosphere in close vicinity to humans, livestock, and agriculture carries detrimental health consequences. The goal of the research was to develop a methodology to minimize the public’s exposure to harmful emissions from coal power plants while maintaining minimal operational costs related to electric distribution losses and coal logistics. The objective was...
发表评论
阅读全文

Evaluation of the Safety and Efficacy of Continuous Use of a Home-Use High-Frequency Facial Treatment Appliance

At present, many home-use beauty devices are available in the market. In particular, many products developed for facial treatment use light, e.g., a flash lamp or a light-emitting diode (LED). In this study, the safety of 4 weeks’ continuous use of NEWA TM , a high-frequency facial treatment appliance, every alternate day at home was verified, and its efficacy was evaluated in Japanese individuals with healthy skin aged 30 years or older who complained of sagging of the facial skin.  Transepidermal water loss (TEWL), melanin levels, erythema levels, sebum secretion levels, skin color changes and wrinkle improvement in the facial skin were measured before the appliance began to be used (study baseline), at 2 and 4 weeks after it had begun to be used, and at 2 weeks after completion of the 4-week treatment period (6 weeks from the study baseline). In addition, data obtained by subjective evaluation by the subjects themselves on a visual analog scale (VAS) were also analyzed. Fur...
发表评论
阅读全文