跳至主要内容

Product Containing “Skin Calm Complex” Improves Barrier Effect in Vitro

Read full paper at:
http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperInformation.aspx?PaperID=48493#.VD93n1fHRK1

Epidermal Barrier integrity is deteriorated in many skin conditions, including Atopic Dermatitis, and could be responsible for many of the associated clinical symptoms. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of REPAVAR ATOPIC SKIN BODY CREAM EXTREME, product containing “SKIN CALM COMPLEX” on barrier epidermis structure. Morphologic and structural evaluations were conducted on reconstructed human epidermis, by qualitative (hematoxylin/eosin- and immune-staining) and quantitative (MTT assay) techniques. Immature (Age Day 10) and mature (Day 17) sample tissues were treated with the product for 24 hours or 7 days, respectively. Morphological and quantitative analysis revealed an increase in the thickness of the epidermis in both cases after the treatment. The study by immunostaining showed that Product-treated tissues presented excellent localization of: 1) E-cadherin in keratinocytes of the spinous layer; 2) Filaggrin and Loricrin, in the granular layer; and 3) increased expression of Involucrin and Keratin 10 in suprabasal layers and 4) elevated expression of Keratin 5 in the basal layer of the epidermis. The product REPAVAR ATOPIC SKIN BODY CREAM EXTREME increases the epithelial regeneration and differentiation determined by cell proliferation and the expression and localization of specific proteins, improving the epidermal barrier effect.
Cite this paper
Yzaguirre, M. , Bacchini, G. , Vila-Martínez, E. and Juarranz, Á. (2014) Product Containing “Skin Calm Complex” Improves Barrier Effect in Vitro. Journal of Cosmetics, Dermatological Sciences and Applications, 4, 234-243. doi: 10.4236/jcdsa.2014.44032. 
 

[1] Alomar, A. (2008) Dermatitis atópica y alteración de proteínas estructurales. Piel, 23, 159-161. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0213-9251(08)71005-0
[2] Brown, S.J. and McLean, W.H. (2012) One Remarkable Molecule: Filaggrin. Journal of Investigative Dermatology, 132, 751-762. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/jid.2011.393
[3] Novak, N. and Leung, D.Y. (2011) Advances in Atopic Dermatitis. Current Opinion in Immunology, 3, 778-783. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coi.2011.09.007
[4] Elias, P.M. (2010) Therapeutic Implications of a Barrier-Based Pathogenesis of Atopic Dermatitis. Annals of Dermatology, 22, 245-254. http://dx.doi.org/10.5021/ad.2010.22.3.245
[5] Segre, J.A. (2006) Epidermal Barrier Formation and Recovery in Skin Disorders. Journal of Clinical Investigation, 116, 1150-1158. http://dx.doi.org/10.1172/JCI28521
[6] Hara-Chikuma, M., Takahashi, K., Chikuma, S., Verkman, A.S. and Miyachi, Y. (2009) The Expression of Differentiation Markers in Aquaporin-3 Deficient Epidermis. Archives of Dermatological Research, 301, 245-252. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00403-009-0927-9
[7] Presland, R.B. and Dale, B.A. (2000) Epithelial Structural Proteins of the Skin and Oral Cavity: Function in Health and Disease. Critical Reviews in Oral Biology Medicine, 11, 383-408.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10454411000110040101
[8] Rao, K.S., Babu, K.K. and Gupta, P.D. (1996) Keratins and Skin Disorders. Cell Biology International, 20, 261-274. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/cbir.1996.0030
[9] Breternitz, M., Kowatzki, D., Langenauer, M., Elsner, P. and Fluhr, J.W. (2008) Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blind, Randomized, Prospective Study of a Glycerol-Based Emollient on Eczematous Skin in Atopic Dermatitis: Biophysical and Clinical Evaluation. Skin Pharmacology and Physiology, 21, 39-45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000111134
[10] Solodkin, G., Chaudhari, U., Subramanyan, K., Johnson, A.W., Yan, X. and Gottlieb, A. (2006) Benefits of Mild Cleansing: Synthetic Surfactant Based (Syndet) Bars for Patients with Atopic Dermatitis. Cutis, 77, 317-324.
[11] Lodén, M. (1995) Biophysical Properties of Dry Atopic and Normal Skin with Special Reference to Effects of Skin Care Products. Acta Dermato-Venereologica. Supplementum, 192, 1-48.
[12] Draelos, Z.D. (2011) A Clinical Evaluation of the Comparable Efficacy of Hyaluronic Acid-Based Foam and Ceramide-Containing Emulsion Cream in the Treatment of Mild-to-Moderate Atopic Dermatitis. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 10, 185-188. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1473-2165.2011.00568.x
[13] Fontanini, C., Berti, I., Monasta, L. and Longo, G. (2013) Derma Silk in Long-Term Control of Infantile Atopic Dermatitis: A Double Blind Randomized Controlled Trial. Giornale Italiano di Dermatologia e Venereologia, 148, 293-297.
[14] Bissonnette, R., Maari, C., Provost, N., Bolduc, C., Nigen, S., Rougier, A. and Seite, S. (2010) A Double-Blind Study of Tolerance and Efficacy of a New Urea-Containing Moisturizer in Patients with Atopic Dermatitis. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 9, 16-21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1473-2165.2010.00476.x
[15] Tsuboi, H., Kouda, K., Takeuchi, H., Takigawa, M., Masamoto, Y., Takeuchi, M. and Ochi, H. (1998) 8-Hydroxy-deoxyguanosine in Urine as an Index of Oxidative Damage to DNA in the Evaluation of Atopic Dermatitis. British Journal of Dermatology, 138, 1033-1035. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.1998.02273.x
[16] Hall, J., Cruser D., Podawilt, A., Mummert, D.I., Jones, H. and Mummert, M.E. (2012) Psychological Stress and the Cutaneous Immune Response: Roles of the HPA Axis and the Sympathetic Nervous SysteminAtopic Dermatitis and Psoriasis (Review). Dermatology Research and Practice, 2012, 1-11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/403908
[17] Permatasari, F., Zhou, B. and Luo, D. (2013) Epidermal Barrier: Adverse and Beneficial Changes Induced by Ultraviolet B Irradiation Depending on the Exposure Dose and Time (Review). Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 6, 287-292.
[18] Hong, J., Buddenkotte, J., Berger, T.G. and Steinhoff, M. (2011) Management of Itch in Atopic Dermatitis. Seminars in Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery, 30, 71-86.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sder.2011.05.002
[19] Elias, P.M and Schmuth, M. (2009) Abnormal Skin Barrier in the Etiopathogenesis of Atopic Dermatitis. Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 9, 437-446.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/ACI.0b013e32832e7d36
[20] Elias, P.M. (2008) Skin Barrier Function. Current Allergy and Asthma Reports, 8, 299-305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11882-008-0048-0
[21] Van den Oord, R.A. and Sheikh, A. (2009) Filaggrin Gene Defects and Risk of Developing Allergic Sensitisation and Allergic Disorders: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. British Medical Journal, 339, 1-12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.b2433
[22] Reuter, J., Merfort, I. and Schempp, C.M. (2010) Botanicals in Dermatology: An Evidence-Based Review. American Journal of Clinical Dermatology, 11, 247-67.
[23] Madaan, A. (2008) Epiceram for the Treatment of Atopic Dermatitis. Drugs Today, 44, 751-755. http://dx.doi.org/10.1358/dot.2008.44.10.1276838
[24] Burkhart, C.N. and Burkhart, C.G. (2004) Pilot Study of Patient Satisfaction with Nonfluorinated Topical Steroids Compared with a Topical Immunomodulator in Atopiform Dermatitis. International Journal of Dermatology, 43, 215-219. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-4632.2004.02118.x
[25] Gloor, M., Reichling, J., Wasik, B. and Holzgang, H.E. (2002) Antiseptic Effect of a Topical Dermatological Formulation That Contains Hamamelis Distillate and Urea. Forsch Komplementarmed Klass Naturheilkd, 9, 153-159. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000064265
[26] Lee, Y.J., Kim, J.E., Kwak, M.H., Go, J., Kim, D.S., Son, H.J. and Hwang, D.Y. (2014) Quantitative Evaluation of the Therapeutic Effect of Fermented Soybean Products Containing a High Concentration of GABA on Phthalic Anhydride-Induced Atopic Dermatitis in IL-4/Luc/CNS-1 Tg Mice. International Journal of Molecular Medicine, 33, 1185-1194.
[27] Dip, R., Carmichael, J., Letellier, I., Strehlau, G., Roberts, E., Bensignor, E. and Rosenkrantz W. (2013) Concurrent Short-Term Use of Prednisolone with Cyclosporine a Accelerates Pruritus Reduction and Improvement in Clinical Scoring in Dogs with Atopic Dermatitis. BMC Veterinary Research, 3, 9, 173.
[28] Lee, T., Lee, S., Ho Kim, K., Oh, K.B., Shin, J. and Mar, W. (2013) Effects of Magnolialide Isolated from the Leaves of Laurusnobilis L. (Lauraceae) on Immunoglobulin E-Mediated Type I Hypersensitivity in Vitro. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 149, 550-556. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2013.07.015
[29] Choi, S.E., Jeong, M.S., Kang, M.J., Lee do, I., Joo, S.S., Lee, C.S., Bang, H., Lee, M.K., Myung, S.C., Choi, Y.W., Lee, K.S., Seo, S.J. and Lee, M.W. (2010) Effect of Topical Application and Intraperitoneal Injection of Oregonin on Atopic Dermatitis in NC/Nga Mice. Experimental Dermatology, 19, 37-43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0625.2009.00961.x
[30] Schlotter, Y.M., Veenhof, E.Z., Brinkhof, B., Rutten, V.P., Spee, B., Willemse, T. and Penning, L.C. (2009) A Genorm Algorithm-Based Selection of Reference Genes for Quantitative Real-Time PCR in Skin Biopsies of Healthy Dogs and Dogs with Atopic Dermatitis. Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology, 129, 115-118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vetimm.2008.12.004
[31] Simonsen, L. and Fullerton, A. (2007) Development of an in Vitro Skin Permeation Model Simulating Atopic Dermatitis Skin for the Evaluation of Dermatological Products. Skin Pharmacology and Physiology, 20, 230-236. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000104421
[32] Matsumoto, K., Mizukoshi, K., Oyobikawa, M., Ohshima, H., Sakai, Y. and Tagami, H. (2005) Objective Evaluation of the Efficacy of Daily Topical Applications of Cosmetics Bases Using the Hairless Mouse Model of Atopic Dermatitis. Skin Research and Technology, 11, 209-217.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0846.2005.00106.x
[33] Netzlaff, F., Lehr, C.M., Wertz, P.W. and Schaefer, U.F. (2005) The Human Epidermis Models EpiSkin®, SkinEthic® and EpiDerm®: An Evaluation of Morphology and Their Suitability for Testing Phototoxicity, Irritancy, Corrosivity, and Substance Transport. European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, 60, 167-178. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpb.2005.03.004
[34] http://www.skinethic.com/RHE.asp
[35] Bikle, D.D. (2010) Vitamin D and the Skin. Journal of Bone and Mineral Metabolism, 28, 117-130. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00774-009-0153-8
[36] Zbytek, B., Janjetovic, Z., Tuckey, R.C., Zmijewski, M.A., Sweatman, T.W., Jones, E., Nguyen, M.N. and Slominski, A.T. (2008) 20-HydroxyVitamin D3, a Product of Vitamin D3 Hydroxylation by Cytochrome P450scc, Stimulates Keratinocyte Differentiation. Journal of Investigative Dermatology, 128, 2271-2280. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/jid.2008.62
[37] Bikle, D.D. (2004) Vitamin D Regulated Keratinocyte Differentiation. Journal of Cellular Biochemistry, 92, 436-444. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcb.20095
[38] Merlin, J.L., Azzi, S., Lignon, D., Ramacci, C., Zeghari, N. and Guillemin, F. (1992) MTT Assays Allow Quick and Reliable Measurement of the Response of Human Tumour Cells to Photodynamic Therapy. European Journal of Cancer, 28, 1452-1458. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0959-8049(92)90542-A
[39] Levin, J., Friedlander, S.F. and Del Rosso, J.Q. (2013) Atopic Dermatitis and the Stratum Corneum Part 1: The Role of Filaggrin in the Stratum Corneum Barrier and Atopic Skin. The Journal of Clinical and Aesthetic Dermatology, 6, 16-22.
[40] Kubo, A., Nagao, K. and Amagai, M. (2012) Epidermal Barrier Dysfunction and Cutaneous Sensitization in Atopic Diseases. Journal of Clinical Investigation, 122, 440-447.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1172/JCI57416
[41] Arikawa, J., Ishibashi, M., Kawashima, M., Takagi, Y., Ichikawa, Y. and Imokawa, G. (2002) Decreased Levels of Sphingosine, a Natural Antimicrobial Agent, May Be Associated with Vulnerability of the Stratum Corneum from Patients with Atopic Dermatitis to Colonization by Staphylococcus aureus. Journal of Investigative Dermatology, 119, 433-439.
[42] Berardesca, E. (1998) Oral and Topical Supplementation of Linoleic Acid and Skin Disease. Medecine Biologie Environnement, 26, 159-163.
[43] Kezic, S., O’Regan, G.M., Lutter, R., Jakasa, I., Koster, E.S., Saunders, S., Caspers, P., Kemperman, P.M., Puppels, G.J., Sandilands, A., Chen, H., Campbell, L.E., Kroboth, K., Watson, R., Fallon, P.G., McLean, W.H. and Irvine, A.D. (2012) Filaggrin Loss-of-Function Mutations Are Associated with Enhanced Expression of IL-1 Cytokines in the Stratum Corneum of Patients with Atopic Dermatitis and in a Murine Model of Filaggrin Deficiency. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 129, 1031-1039. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2011.12.989                eww141016lx
标签：

评论

发表评论

此博客中的热门博文

Does Immigration Promote the Investment of the Monopolistic Firm?

In the present paper, we examine the effect of increasing uncertainty of immigrants’ growth on the optimal timing of investment of a firm that has a monopolistic power over the labor market. It is revealed that when the uncertainty of immigrants’ growth is more than a threshold level, increasing uncertainty of immigrants’ growth accelerates the optimal timing of firms’ investment and enhances the economic growth, even if the uncertainty of immigrants’ growth is formulated by the geometric Brownian motion, which is in sharp contrast to the standard result that an increase in the uncertainty postpones the optimal timing. With an increase in the immigrants over the past ten years, workforces in the host countries have been growing significantly to the extent that the immigrants represent 70% of the increase in the workforce in Europe, and 47% in the United States as OECD indicates. In the present paper, we attempted to investigate the effect of increased uncertainty caused by the growi...
发表评论
阅读全文

Education Policy Implementation: A Mechanism for Enhancing Primary Education Development in Zanzibar

Education is one of the fundamental rights of individuals; therefore, the government of a country needs to develop and strengthen educational policy and quality as well as to ensure that everyone has equal access to basic education. The improvement of access and quality of education in the world is becoming as an essential factor in development, whereas the basic education (primary school), is acknowledged as a foundation of the higher educational development for every country. To fulfill this goal, governments introduce several policies and procedures; however, it requires some reforms and participation from the politician, policymakers, and other stakeholders to re-examine educational policy so that it can lead to multiplication and betterment of the reforms. Educational reforms actually focus on accountability. A positive educational development and reform is very challenging and needs more effort and strategy on how to use and utilize the resources effectively as such it can achie...
发表评论
阅读全文