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Author(s)
Sex determination system in birds is characterized by a homo-(Neognatae) and heteromorphic (Paleognatae) sex chromosomes. Heterogametic sex is female (ZZ/ZW system). DMRT1
gene is a gene regarded as a main male sex determining factor in this
group of animals. The question remains about the participation of other
factors (HEMOGEN, AMH etc.) in appearance of testis, and the role of
steroid hormones in formation of ovaries. Complete sex inversion is not
typical for species with genotypic sex determination (GSD), although the
effect of estrogen metabolites is noted for birds. For birds epigenetic
mechanisms of regulation (methylation of DNA and non-coding RNA) have
been described for sex controlling genes such as CYP19A1 and DMRT1.
KEYWORDS
Cite this paper
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