跳至主要内容

New Spa Types among MRSA and MSSA Isolates in North of Iran

Read full paper at:
http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperInformation.aspx?PaperID=50435#.VD9CFlfHRK0

Staphylococcus aureus typing using gene encoding protein A (spa typing) seems to have a high potential discriminatory power for typing this bacterium. This study was designed based on spa typing method to compare the S. aureus types among healthy carrier vs patients, and MRSA vs MSSA isolates. Method: This study was carried out on 182 spa typeable S. aureus isolates, including 52 MRSA. DNA was extracted by phenol chloroform-isoamyl alcohol method and it was amplified by specific primer of polymorphic X region of spa. Spa types were determined by Ridom Staph Type software. The spa types distribution among MRSA vs MSSA and healthy carrier vs patients, isolates were statistically compared by X2 method and P < 0.05 was considered as significant. Result: The most common types of spa in our region were t037 (18.3%) and t937 (13.9%) from 50 spa types which were identified in this study. spa types in this study were isolated from various age groups but t660 spa types were only isolated from children. Distribution of all spa types among MRSA and MSSA isolates was 16 and 38 types, respectively which is significant. In this study we found seven new spa types (belong to twelve isolates) which are reported for the first time. In 5 out of the above 7 new types the 24 bp repeated sequences in spa gene X region were already recognized but their 24 bp arrangement is introduced in our present investigation. In the remaining 2 new types we found new 24 bp nucleotide sequences which are also introduced for the first time in our present study. Conclusion: The distribution of spa types in MSSA strains was significantly higher than MRSA isolates, but there are not any specific spa types for discrimination between MRSA and MSSA. The novelty of our study is the introducing 7 new spa types including 2 new 24 bp repeated sequences in the X region of spa gene.
Cite this paper
Shakeri, F. and Ghaemi, E. (2014) New Spa Types among MRSA and MSSA Isolates in North of Iran. Advances in Microbiology, 4, 899-905. doi: 10.4236/aim.2014.413100. 
 

[1] Brown, A.F., Leech, J.M., Rogers, T.R. and McLoughlin, R.M. (2014) Staphylococcus aureus Colonization: Modulation of Host Immune Response and Impact on Human Vaccine Design. Frontiers in Immunology, 4, 507. http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2013.00507
[2] Lowy, F.D. (1998) Staphylococcus aureus Infections. New England Journal of Medicine, 339, 520-532. http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJM199808203390806
[3] Strommenger, B., Kettlitz, C., Weniger, T., Harmsen, D., Friedrich, A.W. and Witte, W. (2006) Assignment of Staphylococcus Isolates to Groups by spa Typing, SmaI Macrorestriction Analysis, and Multilocus Sequence Typing. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 44, 2533-2540.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JCM.00420-06
[4] Saunders, N.A. and Holmes, A. (2014) Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST) of Staphylococcus aureus. Methods in Molecular Biology, 1085, 113-130. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-664-1_7
[5] Kanokporn Mongkolrattanothai, M.D. (2013) Molecular Tools for Staphylococcus aureus Typing: Basic and Clinical Aspects. Basic Science in the ICU1, 11-13.
http://dx.doi.org/10.12746/swrccc2013.0102.014
[6] Frenay, H.M., Theelen, J.P., Schouls, L.M., Vandenbroucke-Grauls, C.M., Verhoef, J., van Leeuwen, W.J., et al. (1994) Discrimination of Epidemic and Nonepidemic Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Strains on the Basis of Protein A Gene Polymorphism. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 32, 846-847.
[7] Frenay, H.M., Bunschoten, A.E., Schouls, L.M., Van Leeuwen, W.J., Vandenbroucke-Grauls, C.M., Verhoef, J., et al. (1996) Molecular Typing of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus on the Basis of Protein Agene Polymorphism. European Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 15, 60-64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01586186
[8] Koreen, L., Ramaswamy, S.V., Graviss, E.A., Naidich, S., Musser, J.M. and Kreiswirth, B.N. (2004) spa Typing Method for Discriminating among Staphylococcus aureus Isolates: Implications for Use of a Single Marker to Detect Genetic Micro- and Macrovariation. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 42, 792-799. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JCM.42.2.792-799.2004
[9] Rahimi Alang, S., Asmar, M., Cheraghali, F., Yazarlou, S., Amini, A., Shakeri, F. and Ghaemi, E.A. (2010) Frequency of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Health Care Workers in Gorgan. Zahedan Journal of Research in Medical Sciences, 13, 17-22.
[10] Vaez, H., Tabaraei, A., Moradi, A. and Ghaemi, E.A. (2011) Evaluation of Methicillin Resistance Staphylococcus Aureus Isolated from Patients in Golestan Province—North of Iran. African Journal of Microbiology Research, 5, 432-436.
[11] Shopsin, B., Gomez, M., Montgomery, S.O., Smith, D.H., Waddington, M., Dodge, D.E., et al. (1999) Evaluation of Protein A Gene Polymorphic Region DNA Sequencing for Typing of Staphylococcus aureus Strains. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 37, 3556-3563.
[12] Faria, N.A., Carrico, A., Duarte Oliveira, C., Ramirez, M. and Lencastre, H. (2008) Analysis of Typing Methods for Epidemiological Surveillance of both Methicillin-Resistant and Methicillin-Susceptible Staphylococcus aureus Strains Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 46, 136-144.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JCM.01684-07
[13] Shakeri, F., Shojai, A., Golalipour, M., Rahimi Alang, S., Vaez, H. and Ghaemi, E.A. (2010) spa Diversity among MRSA and MSSA Strains of Staphylococcus aureus in North of Iran. Hindawi Publishing Corporation International Journal of Microbiology, 2010, Article ID: 351397.
[14] Mehndiratta, P., Bhalla, A., Ahmd, Y. and Sharma, D. (2009) Molecular Typing of Methicilin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Strains by PCR-RFLP of spa Gene. Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology, 27, 116-122. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0255-0857.45363
[15] Strommenger, B., Braulke, C., Heuck, D., Schmidt, C., Pasemann, B., Nübel, U. and Witte, W. (2008) Spa Typing of Staphylococcus aureus as a Frontline Tool in Epidemiological Typing. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 46, 574-581. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JCM.01599-07          eww141016lx
标签：

评论

发表评论

此博客中的热门博文

Electron Spin and Proton Spin in the Hydrogen and Hydrogen-Like Atomic Systems

Read full paper at: http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperInformation.aspx?PaperID=52202#.VIj7tMnQrzE Author(s) Stanisław Olszewski * Affiliation(s) Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland . ABSTRACT The mechanical angular momentum and magnetic moment of the electron and proton spin have been calculated semiclassically with the aid of the uncertainty principle for energy and time. The spin effects of both kinds of the elementary particles can be expressed in terms of similar formulae. The quantization of the spin motion has been done on the basis of the old quantum theory. It gives a quantum number n = 1/2 as the index of the spin state acceptable for both the electron and proton ...
发表评论
阅读全文

Effects of Karate Training on Basic Motor Abilities of Primary School Children

“You never attack first in karate” might be the best conclusion of karate, which is a martial art practiced typically without weapons. It’s reported that karate has a long history for several hundred years, but the modern karate was spread to the whole Japan from Okinawa in the early part of 20th century. Now it has become one of the most widely practiced martial art forms in the world. Usually, it’s divided into Kihon, Kata and Kumite. As for the beginners, Kihon is more suitable for them because it involves basic techniques. Due to karate consists of dynamic offensive and defensive techniques using all parts of the body to their maximum advantage, the best understanding of true karate practice is the perfection of oneself through the perfection of the art. It not only develops coordination, quickens reflexes, and builds stamina, but also develops composure, a clearer thought process, deeper insight into one’s mental capabilities, and more self-confidence. So many researchers stu...
发表评论
阅读全文

Fermented Brown Sugar Residue Prolongs the Caenorhabditis elegans Lifespan via DAF-16

Fermented brown sugar residue (FBSR) is generated in the course of purifying biomass ethanol from the yeast fermentation products of brown sugar. It contains abundant nutrition and is used in various industrial applications including as fertilizer and feed. Meanwhile, brown sugar has attracted attention as a health food and is thought to prevent cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, and brain stem diseases. Furthermore, polyphenol, contained in brown sugar, reduces oxidative stress and inhibits glucose absorption. DAF-16 is a transcription factor regulated downstream of the insulin signaling pathway and is one of the main factors contributing to aging and lifespan in C. elegans . Therefore, to determine the precise roles of the DAF-16 transcription factor in stress tolerance and life span, it is necessary to elucidate the signaling pathways involved in DAF-16 activation. This study was designed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms controlling the physiological stress toleran...
发表评论
阅读全文