跳至主要内容

Low Salt Diet in Pregnant Mothers Is Associated with Enhanced Salt Appetite in Their Offspring of Dahl Salt-Sensitive Rats

Read full paper at:
http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperInformation.aspx?PaperID=50458#.VD903VfHRK0

Objectives: We investigated an influence of salt intake during gestation or lactation in salt preference of weaning Dahl salt sensitive (Dahl S) strain. Material and Methods: Nine-week-old female Dahl S rats, after mated with the male, were divided into 1) high-salt group fed a 4% NaCl diet (high-salt mother) or 2) low-salt group fed a 0.3% NaCl diet (low-salt mother) during gestation or lactation periods. Using 0.4%, 0.6% and 0.8% (w/v) saline solutions, we assessed salt preference in their offspring after weaning. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) was determined by tail cuff method. Results: Both the male and female offspring from low-salt mothers during gestation consumed equal amounts of any saline solution. However, the amount of each saline solution was higher in the offspring of low-salt mothers than those of high-salt mothers. This resulted in a significant increase of salt intake in both the male and female offspring of low-salt mothers compared with those of high-salt mothers. In contrast, both the male and female offspring from low-mothers during lactation rather preferred the lower concentration of saline solution, and this resulted in less salt intake in the offspring of low-salt mothers than those of high-salt mothers. Conclusions: We demonstrated that low salt diet in pregnant mothers increased salt intake of their offspring. The offspring of mothers fed a low salt diet during lactation had less salt than those of high-salt mothers. The influence of salt intake of mothers in their offspring varies along with the growth stage of their babies.
Cite this paper
Hara, A. , Chow, R. , Du, D. , Sakuyama, H. and Uehara, Y. (2014) Low Salt Diet in Pregnant Mothers Is Associated with Enhanced Salt Appetite in Their Offspring of Dahl Salt-Sensitive Rats. Food and Nutrition Sciences, 5, 1904-1913. doi: 10.4236/fns.2014.519202. 
 

[1] Uiterwaal, C.S., Anthony, S., Launer, L.J., Witteman, J.C., Trouwborst, A.M., Hofman, A. and Grobbee, D.E. (1997) Birth Weight, Growth, and Blood Pressure: An Annual Follow-Up Study of Children Aged 5 through 21 Years. Hypertension, 30, 267-271.
[2] Johansson, S., Norman, M., Legnevall, L., Dalmaz, Y., Lagercrantz, H. and Vanpée, M. (2007) Increased Catecholamines and Heart Rate in Children with Low Birth Weight: Perinatal Contributions to Sympathoadrenal Overactivity. Journal of Internal Medicine, 261, 480-487.
[3] Dalziel, S.R., Parag, V., Rodgers, A. and Harding, J.E. (2007) Cardiovascular Risk Factors at Age 30 Following PreTerm Birth. International Journal of Epidemiology, 36, 907-915.
[4] Hovi, P., Andersson, S., Eriksso, J.G., Järvenpää, A.L., Strang-Karlsson, S., Mäkitie, O. and Kajantie, E. (2007) Glucose Regulation in Young Adults with Very Low Birth Weight. The New England Journal of Medicine, 356, 2053-2063.
[5] Rotteveel, J., van Weissenbruch, M.M., Twisk, J.W. and Delemarre-Van de Waal, H.A. (2008) Infant and Childhood Growth Patterns, Insulin Sensitivity, and Blood Pressure in Prematurely Born Young Adults. Pediatrics, 122, 313-321.
[6] Piecha, G., Koleganova, N., Ritz, E., Müller, A., Fedorova, O.V., Bagrov, A.Y., Lutz, D., Schirmacher, P. and GrossWeissmann, M.L. (2012) High Salt Intake Causes Adverse Fetal Programming Vascular Effects beyond Blood Pressure. Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation, 27, 3464-3476.
[7] Alves-Rodrigues, E.N., Veras, M.M., Rosa, K.T., de Castro, I., Furukawa, L.N., Oliveira, I.B., Souza, R.M. and Heimann, J.C. (2012) Salt Intake during Pregnancy Alters Offspring’s Myocardial Structure. Nutrition, Metabolism Cardiovascular Diseases, 23, 481-486.
[8] Porter, J.P., King, S.H. and Honeycutt, A.D. (2007) Prenatal High-Salt Diet in the Sprague-Dawley Rat Programs Blood Pressure and Heart Rate Hyperresponsiveness to Stress in Adult Female Offspring. American Journal of Physiology. Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology, 293, R334-R342.
[9] Crystal, S.R. and Bernstein, I.L. (1995) Morning Sickness: Impact on Offspring Salt Preference. Appetite, 25, 231-240.
[10] Friedman, M. and Freed, S.C. (1949) Microphonic Manometer for Indirect Determination of Systolic Blood Pressure in the Rat. Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine, 70, 670-672.
[11] Yang, W., Mao, C., Xia, F., Zheng, J., Wang, A., Zhu, L., He, R. and Xu, Z. (2010) Changed Salt Appetite and Central Angiotensin II-Induced Cellular Activation in Rat Offspring Following Hypoxia during Fetal Stages. Peptides, 31, 1177-1183.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.peptides.2010.03.009
[12] Nakano-Tateno, T., Shichiri, M., Suzuki-Kemuriyama, N., Tani, Y., Izumiyama, H. and Hirata, Y. (2012) Prolonged Effects of Intracerebroventricular Angiotensin II on Drinking, Eating and Locomotor Behavior in Mice. Regulatory Peptides, 173, 86-92.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.regpep.2011.09.011
[13] Mecawi, A.S., Araujo, I.G., Rocha, F.F., Coimbra, T.M., Antunes-Rodrigues, J. and Reis, L.C. (2010) Ontogenetic Role of Angiontensin-Converting Enzyme in Rats: Thirst and Sodium Appetite Evaluation. Physiology & Behavior, 99, 118-124.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2009.10.018
[14] Sasaki, M., Yamada, K., Namba, H., Yoshinaga, M., Du, D. and Uehara, Y. (2013) Angiotensinogen Gene Polymorphisms and Food-intake Behavior in Young, Normal Female Subjects in Japan. Nutrition, 29, 60-65.
[15] Crystal, S.R., Bowen, D.J. and Bernstein, I.L. (1999) Morning Sickness and Salt Intake, Food Cravings, and Food Aversions. Physiology & Behavior, 67, 181-187.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9384(99)00055-4
[16] Crystal, S.R. and Bernstein, I.L. (1998) Infant Salt Preference and Mother’s Morning Sickness. Appetite, 30, 297-307.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/appe.1997.0144
[17] Nicolaidis, S., Galaverna, O. and Metzler, C.H. (1990) Extracellular Dehydration during Pregnancy Increases Salt Appetite of Offspring. American Journal of Physiology, 258, R281-R283.
[18] Galaverna, O., Nicola?dis, S., Yao, S.Z., Sakai, R.R. and Epstein, A.N. (1995) Endocrine Consequences of Prenatal Sodium Depletion Prepare Rats for High Need-Free NaCl Intake in Adulthood. American Journal of Physiology, 269, R578-R583.
[19] Leshem, M. (1998) Salt Preference in Adolescence Is Predicted by Common Prenatal and Infantile Mineralofluid Loss. Physiology & Behavior, 63, 699-704.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9384(97)00525-8
[20] Vidonho Jr., A.F., Silva, A.A., Catanozi, S., Rocha, J.C., Beutel, A., Carillo, B.A., Furukawa, L.N., Campos, R.R., Bergamaschi, C.M., Carpinelli, A.R., Quint?o, E.C., Dolnikoff, M.S. and Heimann, J.C. (2004) Perinatal Salt Restriction: A New Pathway to Programming Insulin Resistance and Dyslipidemia in Adult Wistar Rats. Pediatric Research, 56, 842-848.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1203/01.PDR.0000145258.75160.5B
[21] Lopes, K.L., Furukawa, L.N., de Oliveira, I.B., Dolnikoff, M.S. and Heimann, J.C. (2008) Perinatal Salt Restriction: A New Pathway to Programming Adiposity Indices in Adult Female Wistar Rats. Life Sciences, 82, 728-732.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lfs.2008.01.003           eww141016lx
标签：

评论

发表评论

此博客中的热门博文

Does Immigration Promote the Investment of the Monopolistic Firm?

In the present paper, we examine the effect of increasing uncertainty of immigrants’ growth on the optimal timing of investment of a firm that has a monopolistic power over the labor market. It is revealed that when the uncertainty of immigrants’ growth is more than a threshold level, increasing uncertainty of immigrants’ growth accelerates the optimal timing of firms’ investment and enhances the economic growth, even if the uncertainty of immigrants’ growth is formulated by the geometric Brownian motion, which is in sharp contrast to the standard result that an increase in the uncertainty postpones the optimal timing. With an increase in the immigrants over the past ten years, workforces in the host countries have been growing significantly to the extent that the immigrants represent 70% of the increase in the workforce in Europe, and 47% in the United States as OECD indicates. In the present paper, we attempted to investigate the effect of increased uncertainty caused by the growi...
发表评论
阅读全文

Education Policy Implementation: A Mechanism for Enhancing Primary Education Development in Zanzibar

Education is one of the fundamental rights of individuals; therefore, the government of a country needs to develop and strengthen educational policy and quality as well as to ensure that everyone has equal access to basic education. The improvement of access and quality of education in the world is becoming as an essential factor in development, whereas the basic education (primary school), is acknowledged as a foundation of the higher educational development for every country. To fulfill this goal, governments introduce several policies and procedures; however, it requires some reforms and participation from the politician, policymakers, and other stakeholders to re-examine educational policy so that it can lead to multiplication and betterment of the reforms. Educational reforms actually focus on accountability. A positive educational development and reform is very challenging and needs more effort and strategy on how to use and utilize the resources effectively as such it can achie...
发表评论
阅读全文