Read full paper at:
http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperInformation.aspx?PaperID=50459#.VD9031fHRK0
http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperInformation.aspx?PaperID=50459#.VD9031fHRK0
Author(s)
It was the aim of this study to understand the
differences between occasional organic consumers (OOC) and regular
organic food consumers (ROC). A total of 571 consumers, interviewed
directly after grocery shopping, were classified as conventional,
occasional organic or regular organic consumers depending on the number
of organically produced items bought. In order to gain encompassing
insights on the differences between the ROC and OOC consumer groups, a
large set of psychological and socio-demographic factors was studied.
They differ with respect to general food choice motives with OOC placing
significantly less importance on animal welfare, food security,
environmental protection and more importance on caloric content,
convenience and price compared to ROC; with respect to beliefs about the
consequences of organic food consumption OOC expect greater expense,
less choice, no increase in vitamins and no improvement in taste
compared to ROC, and finally OOC show a less positive attitude, weaker
social norms and lower intentions of buying organic food regularly in
the future and give a lower importance in their lives to protection of
the environment. OOC finally prefer different grocery stores and use a
larger variety of stores than ROC.
KEYWORDS
Cite this paper
Krömker, D. and Matthies, E. (2014) Differences
between Occasional Organic and Regular Organic Food Consumers in
Germany. Food and Nutrition Sciences, 5, 1914-1925. doi: 10.4236/fns.2014.519203.
| [1] |
Foley, J.A., et al. (2005) Global Consequences of Land Use. Science, 309, 570-574.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1111772 |
| [2] |
BOLW (2013) The Organic Sector
2013—Numbers, Data, Facts, 2013. Association of Organic Agriculture. (in
German) http://www.boelw.de/zdf.html |
| [3] |
Schleenbecker, R. and Hamm, U.
(2013) Consumers’ Perception of Organic Product Characteristics. A
Review. Appetite, 71, 420-429. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2013.08.020 |
| [4] |
Yiridoe, E.K., Bonti-Ankomah, S.
and Martin, R.C. (2005) Comparison of Consumer Perceptions and
Preference toward Organic versus Conventionally Produced Foods: A Review
and Update of the Literature. Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems,
20, 193-205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/RAF2005113 |
| [5] |
Hughner, R.-S., et al. (2007)
Who Are Organic Food Consumers? A Compilation and Review of Why People
Purchase Organic Food. Journal of Consumer Behaviour, 6, 94-110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cb.210 |
| [6] |
Pino, G., Peluso, A.M. and
Guido, G. (2012) Determinants of Regular and Occasional Consumers’
Intentions to Buy Organic Food. Journal of Consumer Affairs, 46,
157-169. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6606.2012.01223.x |
| [7] | Gottschalk, I. and Leistner, T. (2012) Consumer Reactions to the Availability of Organic Food in Discount Supermarkets. International Journal of Consumer Studies, 37, 136-142. |
| [8] |
BOLW (2008) The Organic Sector
2008—Numbers, Data, Facts, 2008. Association of Organic Agriculture. (in
German) http://www.boelw.de/zdf.html |
| [9] |
Corral-Verdugo, V. (1997) Dual
“Realities” of Conservation Behavior: Self-Reports vs Observations of
Re-Use and Recycling Behavior. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 17,
135-145. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jevp.1997.0048 |
| [10] |
Geller, E.S. (1981) Evaluating
Energy Conservation Programs: Is Verbal Report Enough? Journal of
Consumer Research, 8, 331-335. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/208872 |
| [11] |
Ajzen, I. (1991) The Theory of
Planned Behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes,
50, 179-211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0749-5978(91)90020-T |
| [12] |
Chen, M.F. (2007) Consumer
Attitudes and Purchase Intentions in Relation to Organic Foods in
Taiwan: Moderating Effects of Food-Related Personality Traits. Food
Quality and Preference, 18, 1008-1021.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodqual.2007.04.004 |
| [13] |
Tarkiainen, A. and Sundqvist, S.
(2005) Subjective Norms, Attitudes and Intentions of Finnish Consumers
in Buying Organic Food. British Food Journal, 107, 808-822. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00070700510629760 |
| [14] |
Zagata, L. (2012) Consumers’
Beliefs and Behavioural Intentions towards Organic Food. Evidence from
the Czech Republic. Appetite, 59, 81-89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.2011.00796.x |
| [15] |
Dean, M., Raats, M.M. and
Shepherd, R. (2012) The Role of Self-Identity, Past Behavior, and Their
Interaction in Predicting Intention to Purchase Fresh and Processed
Organic Food. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 42, 669-688.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.2011.00796.x |
| [16] |
Arvola, A., Vassallo, M., Dean,
M., Lampila, P., Saba, A., L?hteenm?ki, L., et al. (2008) Predicting
Intentions to Purchase Organic Food: The Role of Affective and Moral
Attitudes in the Theory of Planned Behaviour. Appetite, 50, 443-454. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2007.09.010 |
| [17] |
Kloeckner, C.A. and Ohms, S.
(2009) The Importance of Personal Norms for Purchasing Organic Milk.
British Food Journal, 111, 1173-1187. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00070700911001013 |
| [18] |
Chryssohoidis, G.M. and
Krystallis, A. (2005) Organic Consumers’ Personal Values Research:
Testing and Validating the List of Values (LOV) Scale and Implementing a
Value-Based Segmentation Task. Food Quality and Preference, 16,
585-599. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodqual.2005.01.003 |
| [19] |
Dreezens, E., Martijn, C.,
Tenbült, P., Kok, G. and de Vries, N.K. (2005) Food and Values: An
Examination of Values Underlying Attitudes toward Genetically Modified
and Organically Grown Food Products. Appetite, 44, 115-122.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2004.07.003 |
| [20] |
Honkanen, P., Verplanken, B. and
Olsen, S.O. (2006) Ethical Values and Motives Driving Organic Food
Choice. Journal of Consumer Behaviour, 5, 420-430. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cb.190 |
| [21] |
Schwartz, S.H. (1992) Universals
in the Content and Structure of Values: Theoretical Advances and
Empirical Tests in 20 Countries. Advances in Experimental Social
Psychology, 25, 1-65.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2601(08)60281-6 |
| [22] |
Schwartz, S.H. (1994) Are There
Universal Aspects in the Structure and Contents of Human Values? Journal
of Social Issues, 50, 19-45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4560.1994.tb01196.x |
| [23] |
ThØgersen, J. (2006) Norms for
Environmentally Responsible Behaviour: An Extended Taxonomy. Journal of
Environmental Psychology, 26, 247-261. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2006.09.004 |
| [24] |
ThØgersen, J. (2009) The
Motivational Roots of Norms for Environmentally Responsible Behavior.
Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 31, 348-362. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01973530903317144 |
| [25] |
Fotopoulos, C., Krystallis, A.
and Anastasios, P. (2011) Portrait Value Questionnaire’s (PVQ)
Usefulness in Explaining Quality Food-Related Consumer Behavior. British
Food Journal, 113, 248-279.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00070701111105330 |
| [26] |
Kihlberg, I. and Risvik, E.
(2007) Consumers of Organic Foods—Value Segments and Liking of Bread.
Food Quality and Preference, 18, 471-481. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodqual.2006.03.023 |
| [27] |
Magnusson, M.K., Arvola, A.,
Hursti, U.K.K., Åberg, L. and Sjödén, P.O. (2003) Choice of Organic
Foods Is Related to Perceived Consequences for Human Health and to
Environmentally Friendly Behaviour. Appetite, 40, 109-117.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0195-6663(03)00002-3 |
| [28] |
Essoussi, L.H. and Zahaf, M.
(2009) Exploring the Decision-Making Process of Canadian Organic Food
Consumers: Motivations and Trust Issues. Qualitative Market Research: An
International Journal, 12, 443-459.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/13522750910993347 |
| [29] |
Chen, M.F. (2009) Attitude
toward Organic Foods among Taiwanese as Related to Health Consciousness,
Environmental Attitudes, and the Mediating Effects of a Healthy
Lifestyle. British Food Journal, 111, 165-178.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00070700210425930 |
| [30] |
Zanoli, R. and Naspetti, S.
(2002) Consumer Motivations in the Purchase of Organic Food: A Means-End
Approach. British Food Journal, 104, 643-653. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00070700210425930 |
| [31] |
Magnusson, M.K., Arvola, A.,
Hursti, U.K.K., Åberg, L. and Sjödén, P.O. (2001) Attitudes towards
Organic Foods among Swedish Consumers. British Food Journal, 103,
209-227. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00070700110386755 |
| [32] |
Aertsens, J., Mondelaers, K.,
Verbeke, W., Buysse, J. and Van Huylenbroeck, G. (2011) The Influence of
Subjective and Objective Knowledge on Attitude, Motivations and
Consumption of Organic Food. British Food Journal, 113, 1353-1378. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00070701111179988 |
| [33] | Harper, G.C. and Makatouni, A. (2002) Consumer Perception of Organic Food Production and Farm Animal Welfare. British Food Journal, 104, 287-299. |
| [34] |
McEachern, M.G. and Willock, J.
(2004) Producers and Consumers of Organic Meat: A Focus on Attitudes and
Motivations. British Food Journal, 106, 534-552. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00070700410545737 |
| [35] |
Bellows, A.C., Alcaraz, V.G. and
Hallman, W.K. (2010) Gender and Food, a Study of Attitudes in the USA
towards Organic, Local, U.S. Grown, and GM-Free Foods. Appetite, 55,
540-550. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2010.09.002 |
| [36] |
Michaelidou, N. and Hassan, L.M.
(2008) The Role of Health Consciousness, Food Safety Concern and
Ethical Identity on Attitudes and Intentions towards Organic Food.
International Journal of Consumer Studies, 32, 163-170.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1470-6431.2007.00619.x |
| [37] | Fotopoulus, C. and Krystallis, A. (2002) Organic Product Avoidance. Reasons for Rejection and Potential Buyers’ Identification in a Countrywide Survey. British Food Journal, 104, 233-260. |
| [38] |
Howard, P.H. and Allen, P.
(2006) Beyond Organic: Consumer Interest in New Labelling Schemes in the
Central Coast of California. International Journal of Consumer Studies,
30, 439-451.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1470-6431.2006.00536.x |
| [39] |
Jahn, G., Schramm, M. and
Spiller, A. (2005) The Reliability of Certification: Quality Labels as a
Consumer Policy Tool. Journal of Consumer Policy, 28, 53-73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10603-004-7298-6 |
| [40] |
Klintman, M. (2006) Ambiguous
Framings of Political Consumerism: Means or End, Product or Process
Orientation? International Journal of Consumer Studies, 30, 427-438. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1470-6431.2006.00540.x |
| [41] |
D’Souza, C., Taghian, M. and
Lamb, P. (2006) An Empirical Study on the Influence of Environmental
Labels on Consumers. Corporate Communications, 11, 162-173. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/13563280610661697 |
| [42] |
Botonaki, A., Polymeros, K.,
Tsakiridou, E. and Mattas, K. (2006) The Role of Food Quality
Certification on Consumers’ Food Choices. British Food Journal, 108,
77-90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00070700610644906 |
| [43] | Jungbluth, N. (2000) Umweltfolgen des Nahrungsmittelkonsums: Beurteilung von Produktmerkmalen auf Grundlage einer modularen ?kobilanz, Berlin. |
| [44] |
Aarset, B., Beckmann, S., Bigne,
E., Beveridge, M., Bjorndal, T., Bunting, J., et al. (2004) The
European Consumers’ Understanding and Perceptions of the “Organic” Food
Regime: The Case of Aquaculture. British Food Journal, 106, 93-105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00070700410516784 |
| [45] |
Krystallis, A. and
Chryssohoidis, G. (2005) Consumers’ Willingness to Pay for Organic Food:
Factors That Affect It and Variation per Organic Product Type. British
Food Journal, 107, 320-343.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00070700510596901 |
| [46] | Sirieix, L., Delanchy, M., Remaud, H., Zepeda, L. and Gurviez, P. (2012) Consumers’ Perceptions of Individual and Combined Sustainable Food Labels: A UK Pilot Investigation. International Journal of Consumer Studies, 37, 143-151. |
| [47] |
Janssen, M. and Hamm, U. (2012)
Product Labelling in the Market for Organic Food: Consumer Preferences
and Willingness-to-Pay for Different Organic Certification Logos. Food
Quality and Preference, 25, 9-22.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodqual.2011.12.004 |
| [48] |
Devcich, D.A., Pedersen, I.K.
and Petrie, K.J. (2007) You Eat What You Are: Modern Health Worries and
the Acceptance of Natural and Synthetic Additives in Functional Foods.
Appetite, 48, 333-337.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2006.09.014 |
| [49] |
Steptoe, A., Pollard, T.M. and
Wardle, J. (1995) Development of a Measure of the Motives Underlying the
Selection of Food: The Food Choice Questionnaire. Appetite, 25,
267-284. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/appe.1995.0061 |
| [50] |
Xu, J., Shim, S., Lotz, S. and
Almeida, D. (2004) Ethnic Identity, Socialization Factors, and
Culture-Specific Consumption Behavior. Psychology and Marketing, 21,
93-112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mar.10117 |
| [51] | Scholliers, P. (2001) Food, Drink and Identity. Cooking, Eating and Drinking in Europe since the Middle Ages. Berg, Oxford. |
| [52] |
Lindeman, M. and Stark, K.
(1999) Pleasure, Pursuit of Health, or Negotiation of Identity?
Personality Correlates of Food Choice Motives among Young and
Middle-Aged Women. Appetite, 33, 141-161.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/appe.1999.0241 |
| [53] | Chernin, K. (1994) The Hungry Self. Women, Eating, and Identity. Harper Perennial, New York. |
| [54] |
Sparks, P. and Shepherd, R.
(1992) Self-Identity and the Theory of Planned Behaviour: Assessing the
Role of Identification with “Green Consumerism”. Social Psychology
Quarterly, 55, 388-399. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2786955 |
| [55] |
Crouch, M. and O’Neill, G.
(2000) Sustaining Identities? Prolegomena for Inquiry into Contemporary
Foodways. Social Science Information, 39, 181-192. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/053901800039001010 |
| [56] |
Curtis, M.J. and Comer, L.K.
(2006) Vegetarianism, Dietary Restraint and Feminist Identity. Eating
Behaviors, 7, 91-104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/209414 |
| [57] |
Richins, M.L. (1994) Valuing
Things: The Public and Private Meanings of Possessions. Journal of
Consumer Research, 21, 505-521. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/209414 |
| [58] |
Belk, R.W. (1988) Possessions
and the Extended Self. Journal of Consumer Research, 15, 139-168.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/209154 |
| [59] |
Lüdke, H. (2004) Lebensstile als
Rahmen von Konsum. In: Hellmann, K.U. and Schrage, D., Eds., Konsum der
Werbung, VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, Wiesbaden, 103-124. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-81027-4_7 |
| [60] |
Holt, D.B. (1995) How Consumers
Consume: A Typology of Consumption Practices. Journal of Consumer
Research, 22, 1-16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/209431 |
| [61] |
Dimitri, C. and Dettmann, R.L.
(2012) Organic Food Consumers: What Do We Really Know about Them?
British Food Journal, 114, 1157-1183. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00070701211252101 |
| [62] |
Onyango, B.M., Hallman, W.K. and
Bellows, A.C. (2007) Purchasing Organic Food in US Food Systems. A
Study of Attitudes and Practice. British Food Journal, 109, 399-411. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00070700710746803 |
| [63] | Statistisches-Bundesamt (2007) Statistisches Jahrbuch für die Bundesrepublik Deutschland. Statistisches-Bundesamt. |
| [64] |
Thogersen, J. (2011) Green
Shopping: For Selfish Reasons or the Common Good? American Behavioral
Scientist, 55, 1052-1076. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002764211407903 |
| [65] |
Aertsens, J., Verbeke, W.,
Mondelaers, K. and Van Huylenbroeck, G. (2009) Personal Determinants of
Organic Food Consumption: A Review. British Food Journal, 111,
1140-1167. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00070700910992961 |
| [66] |
Stolz, H., Stolze, M., Janssen,
M. and Hamm, U. (2011) Preferences and Determinants for Organic,
Conventional and Conventional-Plus Products—The Case of Occasional
Organic Consumers. Food Quality and Preference, 22, 772-779. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodqual.2011.06.011 |
| [67] | Tabachnik, B. and Fidell, L. (2001) Using Multivariate Statistics. Tabachnik, B. and Fidell, L., Eds., Allyn and Bacon, Boston. eww141016lx |
评论
发表评论