跳至主要内容

Differences between Occasional Organic and Regular Organic Food Consumers in Germany

Read full paper at:
http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperInformation.aspx?PaperID=50459#.VD9031fHRK0

It was the aim of this study to understand the differences between occasional organic consumers (OOC) and regular organic food consumers (ROC). A total of 571 consumers, interviewed directly after grocery shopping, were classified as conventional, occasional organic or regular organic consumers depending on the number of organically produced items bought. In order to gain encompassing insights on the differences between the ROC and OOC consumer groups, a large set of psychological and socio-demographic factors was studied. They differ with respect to general food choice motives with OOC placing significantly less importance on animal welfare, food security, environmental protection and more importance on caloric content, convenience and price compared to ROC; with respect to beliefs about the consequences of organic food consumption OOC expect greater expense, less choice, no increase in vitamins and no improvement in taste compared to ROC, and finally OOC show a less positive attitude, weaker social norms and lower intentions of buying organic food regularly in the future and give a lower importance in their lives to protection of the environment. OOC finally prefer different grocery stores and use a larger variety of stores than ROC.
Cite this paper
Krömker, D. and Matthies, E. (2014) Differences between Occasional Organic and Regular Organic Food Consumers in Germany. Food and Nutrition Sciences, 5, 1914-1925. doi: 10.4236/fns.2014.519203
 

[1] Foley, J.A., et al. (2005) Global Consequences of Land Use. Science, 309, 570-574.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1111772
[2] BOLW (2013) The Organic Sector 2013—Numbers, Data, Facts, 2013. Association of Organic Agriculture. (in German)
http://www.boelw.de/zdf.html
[3] Schleenbecker, R. and Hamm, U. (2013) Consumers’ Perception of Organic Product Characteristics. A Review. Appetite, 71, 420-429.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2013.08.020
[4] Yiridoe, E.K., Bonti-Ankomah, S. and Martin, R.C. (2005) Comparison of Consumer Perceptions and Preference toward Organic versus Conventionally Produced Foods: A Review and Update of the Literature. Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems, 20, 193-205.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/RAF2005113
[5] Hughner, R.-S., et al. (2007) Who Are Organic Food Consumers? A Compilation and Review of Why People Purchase Organic Food. Journal of Consumer Behaviour, 6, 94-110.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cb.210
[6] Pino, G., Peluso, A.M. and Guido, G. (2012) Determinants of Regular and Occasional Consumers’ Intentions to Buy Organic Food. Journal of Consumer Affairs, 46, 157-169.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6606.2012.01223.x
[7] Gottschalk, I. and Leistner, T. (2012) Consumer Reactions to the Availability of Organic Food in Discount Supermarkets. International Journal of Consumer Studies, 37, 136-142.
[8] BOLW (2008) The Organic Sector 2008—Numbers, Data, Facts, 2008. Association of Organic Agriculture. (in German)
http://www.boelw.de/zdf.html
[9] Corral-Verdugo, V. (1997) Dual “Realities” of Conservation Behavior: Self-Reports vs Observations of Re-Use and Recycling Behavior. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 17, 135-145.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jevp.1997.0048
[10] Geller, E.S. (1981) Evaluating Energy Conservation Programs: Is Verbal Report Enough? Journal of Consumer Research, 8, 331-335.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/208872
[11] Ajzen, I. (1991) The Theory of Planned Behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50, 179-211.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0749-5978(91)90020-T
[12] Chen, M.F. (2007) Consumer Attitudes and Purchase Intentions in Relation to Organic Foods in Taiwan: Moderating Effects of Food-Related Personality Traits. Food Quality and Preference, 18, 1008-1021.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodqual.2007.04.004
[13] Tarkiainen, A. and Sundqvist, S. (2005) Subjective Norms, Attitudes and Intentions of Finnish Consumers in Buying Organic Food. British Food Journal, 107, 808-822.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00070700510629760
[14] Zagata, L. (2012) Consumers’ Beliefs and Behavioural Intentions towards Organic Food. Evidence from the Czech Republic. Appetite, 59, 81-89.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.2011.00796.x
[15] Dean, M., Raats, M.M. and Shepherd, R. (2012) The Role of Self-Identity, Past Behavior, and Their Interaction in Predicting Intention to Purchase Fresh and Processed Organic Food. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 42, 669-688.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.2011.00796.x
[16] Arvola, A., Vassallo, M., Dean, M., Lampila, P., Saba, A., L?hteenm?ki, L., et al. (2008) Predicting Intentions to Purchase Organic Food: The Role of Affective and Moral Attitudes in the Theory of Planned Behaviour. Appetite, 50, 443-454.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2007.09.010
[17] Kloeckner, C.A. and Ohms, S. (2009) The Importance of Personal Norms for Purchasing Organic Milk. British Food Journal, 111, 1173-1187.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00070700911001013
[18] Chryssohoidis, G.M. and Krystallis, A. (2005) Organic Consumers’ Personal Values Research: Testing and Validating the List of Values (LOV) Scale and Implementing a Value-Based Segmentation Task. Food Quality and Preference, 16, 585-599.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodqual.2005.01.003
[19] Dreezens, E., Martijn, C., Tenbült, P., Kok, G. and de Vries, N.K. (2005) Food and Values: An Examination of Values Underlying Attitudes toward Genetically Modified and Organically Grown Food Products. Appetite, 44, 115-122.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2004.07.003
[20] Honkanen, P., Verplanken, B. and Olsen, S.O. (2006) Ethical Values and Motives Driving Organic Food Choice. Journal of Consumer Behaviour, 5, 420-430.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cb.190
[21] Schwartz, S.H. (1992) Universals in the Content and Structure of Values: Theoretical Advances and Empirical Tests in 20 Countries. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 25, 1-65.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2601(08)60281-6
[22] Schwartz, S.H. (1994) Are There Universal Aspects in the Structure and Contents of Human Values? Journal of Social Issues, 50, 19-45.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4560.1994.tb01196.x
[23] ThØgersen, J. (2006) Norms for Environmentally Responsible Behaviour: An Extended Taxonomy. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 26, 247-261.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2006.09.004
[24] ThØgersen, J. (2009) The Motivational Roots of Norms for Environmentally Responsible Behavior. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 31, 348-362.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01973530903317144
[25] Fotopoulos, C., Krystallis, A. and Anastasios, P. (2011) Portrait Value Questionnaire’s (PVQ) Usefulness in Explaining Quality Food-Related Consumer Behavior. British Food Journal, 113, 248-279.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00070701111105330
[26] Kihlberg, I. and Risvik, E. (2007) Consumers of Organic Foods—Value Segments and Liking of Bread. Food Quality and Preference, 18, 471-481.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodqual.2006.03.023
[27] Magnusson, M.K., Arvola, A., Hursti, U.K.K., Åberg, L. and Sjödén, P.O. (2003) Choice of Organic Foods Is Related to Perceived Consequences for Human Health and to Environmentally Friendly Behaviour. Appetite, 40, 109-117.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0195-6663(03)00002-3
[28] Essoussi, L.H. and Zahaf, M. (2009) Exploring the Decision-Making Process of Canadian Organic Food Consumers: Motivations and Trust Issues. Qualitative Market Research: An International Journal, 12, 443-459.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/13522750910993347
[29] Chen, M.F. (2009) Attitude toward Organic Foods among Taiwanese as Related to Health Consciousness, Environmental Attitudes, and the Mediating Effects of a Healthy Lifestyle. British Food Journal, 111, 165-178.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00070700210425930
[30] Zanoli, R. and Naspetti, S. (2002) Consumer Motivations in the Purchase of Organic Food: A Means-End Approach. British Food Journal, 104, 643-653.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00070700210425930
[31] Magnusson, M.K., Arvola, A., Hursti, U.K.K., Åberg, L. and Sjödén, P.O. (2001) Attitudes towards Organic Foods among Swedish Consumers. British Food Journal, 103, 209-227.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00070700110386755
[32] Aertsens, J., Mondelaers, K., Verbeke, W., Buysse, J. and Van Huylenbroeck, G. (2011) The Influence of Subjective and Objective Knowledge on Attitude, Motivations and Consumption of Organic Food. British Food Journal, 113, 1353-1378.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00070701111179988
[33] Harper, G.C. and Makatouni, A. (2002) Consumer Perception of Organic Food Production and Farm Animal Welfare. British Food Journal, 104, 287-299.
[34] McEachern, M.G. and Willock, J. (2004) Producers and Consumers of Organic Meat: A Focus on Attitudes and Motivations. British Food Journal, 106, 534-552.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00070700410545737
[35] Bellows, A.C., Alcaraz, V.G. and Hallman, W.K. (2010) Gender and Food, a Study of Attitudes in the USA towards Organic, Local, U.S. Grown, and GM-Free Foods. Appetite, 55, 540-550.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2010.09.002
[36] Michaelidou, N. and Hassan, L.M. (2008) The Role of Health Consciousness, Food Safety Concern and Ethical Identity on Attitudes and Intentions towards Organic Food. International Journal of Consumer Studies, 32, 163-170.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1470-6431.2007.00619.x
[37] Fotopoulus, C. and Krystallis, A. (2002) Organic Product Avoidance. Reasons for Rejection and Potential Buyers’ Identification in a Countrywide Survey. British Food Journal, 104, 233-260.
[38] Howard, P.H. and Allen, P. (2006) Beyond Organic: Consumer Interest in New Labelling Schemes in the Central Coast of California. International Journal of Consumer Studies, 30, 439-451.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1470-6431.2006.00536.x
[39] Jahn, G., Schramm, M. and Spiller, A. (2005) The Reliability of Certification: Quality Labels as a Consumer Policy Tool. Journal of Consumer Policy, 28, 53-73.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10603-004-7298-6
[40] Klintman, M. (2006) Ambiguous Framings of Political Consumerism: Means or End, Product or Process Orientation? International Journal of Consumer Studies, 30, 427-438.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1470-6431.2006.00540.x
[41] D’Souza, C., Taghian, M. and Lamb, P. (2006) An Empirical Study on the Influence of Environmental Labels on Consumers. Corporate Communications, 11, 162-173.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/13563280610661697
[42] Botonaki, A., Polymeros, K., Tsakiridou, E. and Mattas, K. (2006) The Role of Food Quality Certification on Consumers’ Food Choices. British Food Journal, 108, 77-90.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00070700610644906
[43] Jungbluth, N. (2000) Umweltfolgen des Nahrungsmittelkonsums: Beurteilung von Produktmerkmalen auf Grundlage einer modularen ?kobilanz, Berlin.
[44] Aarset, B., Beckmann, S., Bigne, E., Beveridge, M., Bjorndal, T., Bunting, J., et al. (2004) The European Consumers’ Understanding and Perceptions of the “Organic” Food Regime: The Case of Aquaculture. British Food Journal, 106, 93-105.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00070700410516784
[45] Krystallis, A. and Chryssohoidis, G. (2005) Consumers’ Willingness to Pay for Organic Food: Factors That Affect It and Variation per Organic Product Type. British Food Journal, 107, 320-343.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00070700510596901
[46] Sirieix, L., Delanchy, M., Remaud, H., Zepeda, L. and Gurviez, P. (2012) Consumers’ Perceptions of Individual and Combined Sustainable Food Labels: A UK Pilot Investigation. International Journal of Consumer Studies, 37, 143-151.
[47] Janssen, M. and Hamm, U. (2012) Product Labelling in the Market for Organic Food: Consumer Preferences and Willingness-to-Pay for Different Organic Certification Logos. Food Quality and Preference, 25, 9-22.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodqual.2011.12.004
[48] Devcich, D.A., Pedersen, I.K. and Petrie, K.J. (2007) You Eat What You Are: Modern Health Worries and the Acceptance of Natural and Synthetic Additives in Functional Foods. Appetite, 48, 333-337.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2006.09.014
[49] Steptoe, A., Pollard, T.M. and Wardle, J. (1995) Development of a Measure of the Motives Underlying the Selection of Food: The Food Choice Questionnaire. Appetite, 25, 267-284.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/appe.1995.0061
[50] Xu, J., Shim, S., Lotz, S. and Almeida, D. (2004) Ethnic Identity, Socialization Factors, and Culture-Specific Consumption Behavior. Psychology and Marketing, 21, 93-112.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mar.10117
[51] Scholliers, P. (2001) Food, Drink and Identity. Cooking, Eating and Drinking in Europe since the Middle Ages. Berg, Oxford.
[52] Lindeman, M. and Stark, K. (1999) Pleasure, Pursuit of Health, or Negotiation of Identity? Personality Correlates of Food Choice Motives among Young and Middle-Aged Women. Appetite, 33, 141-161.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/appe.1999.0241
[53] Chernin, K. (1994) The Hungry Self. Women, Eating, and Identity. Harper Perennial, New York.
[54] Sparks, P. and Shepherd, R. (1992) Self-Identity and the Theory of Planned Behaviour: Assessing the Role of Identification with “Green Consumerism”. Social Psychology Quarterly, 55, 388-399.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2786955
[55] Crouch, M. and O’Neill, G. (2000) Sustaining Identities? Prolegomena for Inquiry into Contemporary Foodways. Social Science Information, 39, 181-192.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/053901800039001010
[56] Curtis, M.J. and Comer, L.K. (2006) Vegetarianism, Dietary Restraint and Feminist Identity. Eating Behaviors, 7, 91-104.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/209414
[57] Richins, M.L. (1994) Valuing Things: The Public and Private Meanings of Possessions. Journal of Consumer Research, 21, 505-521.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/209414
[58] Belk, R.W. (1988) Possessions and the Extended Self. Journal of Consumer Research, 15, 139-168.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/209154
[59] Lüdke, H. (2004) Lebensstile als Rahmen von Konsum. In: Hellmann, K.U. and Schrage, D., Eds., Konsum der Werbung, VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, Wiesbaden, 103-124.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-81027-4_7
[60] Holt, D.B. (1995) How Consumers Consume: A Typology of Consumption Practices. Journal of Consumer Research, 22, 1-16.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/209431
[61] Dimitri, C. and Dettmann, R.L. (2012) Organic Food Consumers: What Do We Really Know about Them? British Food Journal, 114, 1157-1183.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00070701211252101
[62] Onyango, B.M., Hallman, W.K. and Bellows, A.C. (2007) Purchasing Organic Food in US Food Systems. A Study of Attitudes and Practice. British Food Journal, 109, 399-411.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00070700710746803
[63] Statistisches-Bundesamt (2007) Statistisches Jahrbuch für die Bundesrepublik Deutschland. Statistisches-Bundesamt.
[64] Thogersen, J. (2011) Green Shopping: For Selfish Reasons or the Common Good? American Behavioral Scientist, 55, 1052-1076.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002764211407903
[65] Aertsens, J., Verbeke, W., Mondelaers, K. and Van Huylenbroeck, G. (2009) Personal Determinants of Organic Food Consumption: A Review. British Food Journal, 111, 1140-1167.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00070700910992961
[66] Stolz, H., Stolze, M., Janssen, M. and Hamm, U. (2011) Preferences and Determinants for Organic, Conventional and Conventional-Plus Products—The Case of Occasional Organic Consumers. Food Quality and Preference, 22, 772-779.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodqual.2011.06.011
[67] Tabachnik, B. and Fidell, L. (2001) Using Multivariate Statistics. Tabachnik, B. and Fidell, L., Eds., Allyn and Bacon, Boston. eww141016lx

评论

此博客中的热门博文

Does Immigration Promote the Investment of the Monopolistic Firm?

In the present paper, we examine the effect of increasing uncertainty of immigrants’ growth on the optimal timing of investment of a firm that has a monopolistic power over the labor market. It is revealed that when the uncertainty of immigrants’ growth is more than a threshold level, increasing uncertainty of immigrants’ growth accelerates the optimal timing of firms’ investment and enhances the economic growth, even if the uncertainty of immigrants’ growth is formulated by the geometric Brownian motion, which is in sharp contrast to the standard result that an increase in the uncertainty postpones the optimal timing. With an increase in the immigrants over the past ten years, workforces in the host countries have been growing significantly to the extent that the immigrants represent 70% of the increase in the workforce in Europe, and 47% in the United States as OECD indicates. In the present paper, we attempted to investigate the effect of increased uncertainty caused by the growi...

Education Policy Implementation: A Mechanism for Enhancing Primary Education Development in Zanzibar

Education is one of the fundamental rights of individuals; therefore, the government of a country needs to develop and strengthen educational policy and quality as well as to ensure that everyone has equal access to basic education. The improvement of access and quality of education in the world is becoming as an essential factor in development, whereas the basic education (primary school), is acknowledged as a foundation of the higher educational development for every country. To fulfill this goal, governments introduce several policies and procedures; however, it requires some reforms and participation from the politician, policymakers, and other stakeholders to re-examine educational policy so that it can lead to multiplication and betterment of the reforms. Educational reforms actually focus on accountability. A positive educational development and reform is very challenging and needs more effort and strategy on how to use and utilize the resources effectively as such it can achie...