跳至主要内容

Degradation of Dyestuff Pollutant Sudan I Using Advanced Oxidation Process

Read full paper at:
http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperInformation.aspx?PaperID=50611#.VEcnmVfHRK0

Due to an increasing environmental pollution, a search for the cost effective treatment and disposal of the dyes from the textile effluents is getting more and more importance. Oxidation and reduction processes play important roles in the degradation treatments of the azo dyes. The latter process is more effective and in consequence its mechanism is also better understood. The mechanism of the oxidation processes, the intermediates involved in these reactions and their role in the effectiveness of the oxidative degradation of the azo dyes, viz, phenyl azo b-naphthol (PAN), Sudan I. On exposure to sunlight at 2 1/2 hours for various samples in different concentrations of PAN mixed with Fenton reagent, when the reactive intermediate reacted with the colour, the pH vs. absorbance generally showed significant degradation in between pH 5 and 6. The results were compared with the same samples on exposure to uv-light of 254 nm and irradiated at 20 minutes. The degradation occurred in samples of relatively high concentrations, viz, 10-3 and 5 × 10-4 mol· dm-3 at near neutral pH 6 whereas. Low concentration samples such as 10-4 and 5 × 10-5 mol·dm-3 showed degradation towards more acidic range of pH 2 to 4. In advanced oxidation process (AOP), generally reactive, strongly oxidizing ·OH radicals play a main role in destruction of the dye molecules. The proposed mechanisms and the rate coefficients for the reactions of ·OH intermediates with the dye molecules and with model compounds are summarized.
Cite this paper
Nair, P. , Vijayakumar, S. , Lisluke, T. , Mathew, M. and Aravindakumar, C. (2014) Degradation of Dyestuff Pollutant Sudan I Using Advanced Oxidation Process. Journal of Water Resource and Protection, 6, 1276-1283. doi: 10.4236/jwarp.2014.614117. 
 

[1] IUPAC (1997) Compendium of Chemical Terminology. 2nd Edition, (the “Gold Book”). Online Corrected Version (2009) “Azo Compounds”. UPAC Secretariat, Research Triangle Park.
[2] Clarke, H.T. and Kirner, W.R. (1941) Methyl Red. Organic Syntheses, 1, 374.
[3] O’Neill, C., Lopez, A., Esteves, S., Hawkes, F.R., Hawkes, D.L. and Wilcox, S. (2000) Feb, Azo-Dye Degradation in an Anaerobic-Aerobic Treatment System Operating on Simulated Textile Effluent. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 53, 249-254.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002530050016
[4] SPCC Guidance for Regional Inspectors, USA (2013) 1-73.
[5] Turgay, O., Ersoz, G., Atalay, S., Forss, J. and Welander, U. (2011) The Treatment of Azo Dyes Found in Textile Industry Wastewater by Anaerobic Biological Method and Chemical Oxidation. Separation and Purification Technology, 79, 26-33.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2011.03.007
[6] Puvaneswari, N., Muthukrishnan, J. and Gunasekaran, P. (2006) Toxicity Assessment and Microbial Degradation of Azo Dyes. Indian Journal of Experimental Biology, 44, 618-626.
[7] Zhao, X.T., Dong, Y.C., Cheng, B.W. and Kang, W.M. (2013) Removal of Textile Dyes from Aqueous Solution by Heterogeneous Photo-Fenton Reaction Using Modified PAN Nanofiber-Fe Complex as Catalyst. International Journal of Photoenergy, 2013, Article ID: 820165.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/820165
[8] Hua, L., Ma, H. and Zhang, L. (2013) Degradation Process Analysis of the Azo Dyes by Catalytic Wet Air Oxidation with Catalyst CuO/γ-Al2O3. Chemosphere, 9, 143-149.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.06.018
[9] Chequer F.M.D., Dorta, D.J. and de Oliveira, D.P. (2011) Azo Dyes and Their Metabolites: Does the Discharge of the Azo Dye into Water Bodies Represent Human and Ecological Risks? In: Hauser, P.J., Ed., Advances in Treating Textile Effluent, InTech, 162 p.
[10] Kavitha, V. and Palanivelu, K. (2004) The Role of Ferrous Ion in Fenton and Photo-Fenton Processes for the Degradation of Phenol. Chemosphere, 55, 1235-1243.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2003.12.022
[11] Selvam, K., Muruganandham, M. and Swaminathan, M. (2005) Enhanced Heterogeneous Ferrioxalate Photo-Fenton Degradation of Reactive Orange 4 by Solar Light. Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, 89, 61-74.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.solmat.2005.01.002
[12] Munter, R. (2001) Advanced Oxidation Processes—Current Status and Prospects. Proceedings of the Estonian Academy of Sciences, Chemistry, 50, 59-80.
[13] Chequer, F.M.D., Dorta, D.J. and de Oliveira, D.P. (2011) Azo Dyes and Their Metabolites: Does the Discharge of the Azo Dye into Water Bodies Represent Human and Ecological Risks? In: Hauser, P.J., Ed., Advances in Treating Textile Effluent, InTech, Morn Hill, 1-23.
[14] Pandey, A., Singh, P. and Iyengar, L. (2007) Review: Bacterial Decolorization and Degradation of Azo Dyes. International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation, 59, 73-84.
[15] Saratale, R.G., Saratale, G.D., Chang, J.S. and Govindwar, S.P. (2011) Bacterial Decolorization and Degradation of Azo Dyes: A Review. Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers, 42, 138-157.
[16] Anliker, R. (1977) Color Chemistry and the Environment. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 1, 211-237.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0147-6513(77)90037-9
[17] Anliker, R. (1979) Ecotoxicology of Dyestuffs—A Joint Effort by Industry. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 3, 59-74.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0147-6513(79)90060-5
[18] Robinson, T., McMullan, G., Marchant, R. and Nigam, P. (2001) Remediation of Dyes in Textile Effluent: A Critical Review on Current Treatment Technologies with a Proposed Alternative. Bioresource Technology, 77, 247-255.
[19] Shore, J. (1996) Advances in Direct Dyes. Indian Journal of Fibers and Textile Research, 21, 1-29.
[20] Golka, K., Kopps, S. and Myslak, Z.W. (2004) Carcinogenicity of Azo Colorants: Influence of Solubility and Bioavailability—A Review. Toxicology Letters, 151, 203-210.
[21] Nogueira, R.F.P. and Guimaraes, J.R. (2000) Photodegradation of Dichloroacetic Acid and 2,4-Dichlorophenol by Ferrioxalate/H2O2 System. Water Research, 34, 895-901.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0043-1354(99)00193-1
[22] Kavitha, V. and Palanivelu, K. (2004) The Role of Ferrous Ion in Fenton and Photo-Fenton Processes for the Degradation of Phenol. Chemosphere, 55, 1235-1243.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2003.12.022
[23] Tang, W.Z. and Huang, C.P. (1996) 2,4-Dichlorophenol Oxidation Kinetics by Fenton’s Reagent. Environmental Technology, 17, 1371-1378.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09593330.1996.9618465
[24] Kwon, B.G., Lee, D.S., Kang, N. and Yoon, J. (1999) Characteristics of p-Chlorophenol Oxidation by Fenton’s Reagent. Water Research, 33, 2110-2118.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0043-1354(98)00428-X
[25] Kremer, M.L. (2003) The Fenton Reaction. Dependence of the Rate on pH. The Journal of Physical Chemistry A, 107, 1734-1741.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp020654p
[26] Kang, Y.W. and Hwang, K.Y. (2000) Effects of Reaction Conditions on the Oxidation Efficiency in the Fenton Process. Water Research, 34, 2786-2790.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0043-1354(99)00388-7
[27] Barbusinski, K. and Majewski, J. (2003) Discoloration of Azo Dye Acid Red 18 by Fenton Reagent in the Presence of Iron Powder. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 12, 151-155.
[28] Bishop, D.F., Stern, G., Fleischman, M. and Marshall, L.S. (1968) Hydrogen Peroxide Catalytic Oxidation of Refractory Organics in Municipal Waste Water. Indian Engineering Chemistry Processing Design and Development, 7, 110-117.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0043-1354(99)00388-7          eww141022lx
标签：

评论

发表评论

此博客中的热门博文

A Comparison of Methods Used to Determine the Oleic/Linoleic Acid Ratio in Cultivated Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)

Cultivated peanut ( Arachis hypogaea L.) is an important oil and food crop. It is also a cheap source of protein, a good source of essential vitamins and minerals, and a component of many food products. The fatty acid composition of peanuts has become increasingly important with the realization that oleic acid content significantly affects the development of rancidity. And oil content of peanuts significantly affects flavor and shelf-life. Early generation screening of breeding lines for high oleic acid content greatly increases the efficiency of developing new peanut varieties. The objective of this study was to compare the accuracy of methods used to classify individual peanut seed as high oleic or not high oleic. Three hundred and seventy-four (374) seeds, spanning twenty-three (23) genotypes varying in oil composition (i.e. high oleic (H) or normal/not high oleic (NH) inclusive of all four peanut market-types (runner, Spanish, Valencia and Virginia), were individually tested ...
发表评论
阅读全文

Location Optimization of a Coal Power Plant to Balance Costs against Plant’s Emission Exposure

Fuel and its delivery cost comprise the biggest expense in coal power plant operations. Delivery of electricity from generation to consumers requires investment in power lines and transmission grids. Placing a coal power plant or multiple power plants near dense population centers can lower transmission costs. If a coalmine is nearby, transportation costs can also be reduced. However, emissions from coal plants play a key role in worsening health crises in many countries. And coal upon combustion produces CO 2 , SO 2 , NO x , CO, Metallic and Particle Matter (PM10 & PM2.5). The presence of these chemical compounds in the atmosphere in close vicinity to humans, livestock, and agriculture carries detrimental health consequences. The goal of the research was to develop a methodology to minimize the public’s exposure to harmful emissions from coal power plants while maintaining minimal operational costs related to electric distribution losses and coal logistics. The objective was...
发表评论
阅读全文

Evaluation of the Safety and Efficacy of Continuous Use of a Home-Use High-Frequency Facial Treatment Appliance

At present, many home-use beauty devices are available in the market. In particular, many products developed for facial treatment use light, e.g., a flash lamp or a light-emitting diode (LED). In this study, the safety of 4 weeks’ continuous use of NEWA TM , a high-frequency facial treatment appliance, every alternate day at home was verified, and its efficacy was evaluated in Japanese individuals with healthy skin aged 30 years or older who complained of sagging of the facial skin.  Transepidermal water loss (TEWL), melanin levels, erythema levels, sebum secretion levels, skin color changes and wrinkle improvement in the facial skin were measured before the appliance began to be used (study baseline), at 2 and 4 weeks after it had begun to be used, and at 2 weeks after completion of the 4-week treatment period (6 weeks from the study baseline). In addition, data obtained by subjective evaluation by the subjects themselves on a visual analog scale (VAS) were also analyzed. Fur...
发表评论
阅读全文