Scientific Research Publishing

Buried Hydrothermal Systems: The Potential Role of Supercritical Water,“ScriW”, in Various Geological Processes and Occurrences in the Sub-Surface Author(s) Martin Hovland, Håkon Rueslåtten, Hans Konrad Johnsen ABSTRACT It is well known that seawater that migrates deep into the Earth’s crust will pass into its supercritical domain at temperatures above 407°C and pressures above 298 bars. In the oceanic crust, these pressures are attained at depths of 3 km below sea surface, and sufficiently high temperatures are found near intruding magmas, which have temperatures in the range of 800°C to 1200°C. The physico-chemical behaviour of seawater changes dramatically when passing into the supercritical domain. A supercritical water vapour (ScriW) is formed with a density of 0.3 g/cc and a strongly reduced dipolar character. This change in polarity is causing the ScriW to lose its solubility of the common sea salts (chlorides and sulphates) and a spontaneous precipitation of sea salts  Contin

The Capital Structure of Business Start-Up: Is There a Pecking Order Theory or a Reversed Pecking Order? —Evidence from the Panel Study of Entrepreneurial Dynamics Author(s) : Hédia Fourati, Habib Affes   Source:  Technology and Investment Journal 2013 vol.4 by Scientific Research Publishing ABSTRACT Using the Panel Study of Entrepreneurial Dynamics, we study if the problems of asymmetry and opacity of information, asset specificity, agency problem and signaling theory predict the financial structure at inception. Thus, we conduct a study in two steps. First, by analyzing the descriptive statistics, we find that novice entrepreneurs turn first to internal sources of finance. Then, they apply to external debts and finally to equity finance. We prove then the applicability of the Pecking order theory in case of entrepreneurial firms. Second, by analyzing the role of financial theory in predicting the capital structure of  entrepreneurial firms we find the following results. In fact, e

http://blog.scirp.org/ Authors: Dan Lu & Julie Y. F. Ng      Source:  Open Journal of Modern Linguistics , Vol. 3 No. 4, 1-6. ( scirp ) The Communicative Language Teaching approach (CLT thereafter) has been implemented in Hong Kong for the purpose of education reform since the early 1980s. English courses in Hong Kong schools have then started to emphasize the communicative use of the language rather than merely its linguistic forms and structures. However, over the last decade, there has been criticism from some sections of society about the continuously declining English proficiency of Hong Kong students. Apparently, this phenomenon reflects that the prevalent use of CLT is not suitableto Hong Kong classroom contexts. In contrast with the traditional approaches and methods which put much emphasis on the knowledge about the target language, CLT places the focus on the learner’s competence of using the language for communication. In brief, CLT allows students to have more class t

Can the early bird really catch the worm? Sleep is an indispensable action and its importance has been related in many proverbs such as “the early bird catches the worm” However, there are few scientific reports on the effects of early rising. CAN THE EARLY BIRD REALLY CATCH THE WORM In  Mayumi Watanabe’s  research review from Department of Medical Informatics, Niigata University published in  Natural Science Journal   2013 vol.5  by  Scientific Research Publishing (View Original Post, please  click here ). Her team compared the following four groups: early risers with short sleep  (Group E-S); early risers with long sleep (Group E-L); late risers with short sleep (Group L-S); and late risers with long sleep (Group L-L) Then the number and ratio of leukocytes, body temperature, glucose and its associated hormones were studied. Compared with Groups E-S and L-S, Groups E-L and L-L showed lower glucose and cortisol levels, respectively. The results indicated that early rising might affec

2013 was a very bad year for fish oil with 3 horrific failures. The world’s leading medical journals published their failures but too few patients were made aware.  First, fish oil’s monumental failure to help heart disease as published in   The New England Journal of Medicine  caused editor-in-chief of  Medscape  and the heart.org, cardiologist Eric Topol, MD, stated I implore them [patients] to stop taking it [fish oil] because there was “No benefit of fish oil in high risk patients.”  Next, the SELECT Trial published in  Journal of the National Cancer Institute , confirmed previous devastating results showing fish oil increases prostate cancer risk in men, even greater than harmful transfats cause. Fish oil failed to stop macular degeneration even in patients with low DHA  ( Journal of the American Medical Association ) . In 2010, fish oil failed to help Alzheimer’s victims; even those with low DHA  ( Journal of the American Medical Association ) . These failures are routine. In