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Genetic Variation for Biomass and Related Morphological Traits in Cup Plant (Silphium perfoliatum L.)

Cup plant (Silphium perfoliatum L.) is a tall and vigorous diploid (n = 7) member of the Heliantheae tribe of the Asteraceae family. It is a long-lived perennial, can exceed 2 m in height, and has shoots that arise from short rhizomes on a broad woody crown. It differs from other species in the genus Silphium by its opposite pairs of cup forming leaves. Recently, cup plant is receiving global attention for its current or potential use for forage, bioenergy, biodiversity, conservation, and phytoremediation.

In this paper, the authors aimed to: 1) determine genetic variation and narrow-sense heritability for biomass and related morphological traits, and 2) identify half-sib families with superior biomass yield and potential for use in cultivar development in cup plant.

Field experiments were conducted over a three-year period (2011-2013) in South Dakota and Wisconsin. The cup plant population used for this genetic study was composed of progenies of 33 parent plants derived from bulk seed produced by putative random mating among several plants from each of natural populations from Minnesota and Illinois. Analyses of variance were performed to determine genetic and environmental effects using the linear models procedure in Statistix 9 and SAS V9.3. All effects were considered to be random.

The results showed that annual biomass yield at Brookings ranged from 2183 kg·ha-1 in 2012 to 8053 kg·ha-1 in 2013; whereas, yields at Arlington were similar among years. Mean individual half-sib family biomass yield ranged from 3912 to 6784 kg·ha-1 at Brookings and from 5682 to 11,269 kg·ha-1 at Arlington. Heritability estimates for five biomass-related morphological traits ranged from 0.52 to 0.72.

In summary, this study showed that variation in environmental conditions among years played the most important role in phenotypic traits in multi-family cup plant trials. However, families also had a major role in determining variation for investigated traits. Though family × year interaction effects were significant, most topyielding cup plant families showed consistent yield potential, indicating that selection for biomass based on the family means in a single environment could be successful. This conclusion was corroborated by the rank correlation analysis between years.

Article by Teshale Assefa, et al, from USA.

Full access: http://t.cn/EtkXtbI
Image by tina1960, from Flickr-cc.

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