Total joint arthroplasty (TJA) is a surgical procedure in which parts of an arthritic or damaged joint are removed and replaced with a metal, plastic or ceramic device called a prosthesis. In the USA, more than 500,000 total joint
arthroplasty (TJA) operations. Though the technical advances, many patients still require
surgical revision for aseptic loosening (AL) and/or bone loss due to osteolysis.
There are two
monocyte populations in human blood: CD14+CD16- classical
monocytes and CD14+CD16+ inflammatory monocytes.
CD14+CD16+ inflammatory monocytes, which account
for approximately 10% of the total monocytes, may be expanded in various types
of inflammatory conditions. The purpose of this study was to
investigate whether the expansion of the CD14+CD16+monocyte
population represented a risk factor of aseptic loosening (AL).
In this study, peripheral monocytes subsets were measured in revision patients with
AL (n = 35) and in patients with stable implants (SI, n = 56). The gene
profiles of TNFα, IL-1β, CD16, CD68 and TRAP5B from collected
loosening periprosthetic tissues were analyzed. The results showed that there were no significant differences in
the CD14+CD16+ monocyte populations between
the SI and AL patients. The CD14+CD16+ monocytes
were marginally higher in revision patients with osteolysis (n = 30), compared
to patients without osteolysis (n = 5) though no statistically difference was
found. There was an association between the CD14+CD16+ monocyte
subpopulation and the tissue gene profiles, including IL-1β (p =
0.063), CD68 (p = 0.036), and TRAP5B (p = 0.073).
In conclusion, it was demonstrated that the expansion of CD14+CD16+ monocytes
reflected, to some extent, the inflammatory status of the loosening
periprosthetic tissues. It is unclear if some of those SI patients (no pain and
negative radiograph) who have a higher frequency of CD14+CD16+ monocytes
may be at the early stage of AL. Further evaluation of CD14+CD16+ monocyte
population, independently or combined with other factors, will be useful to
design a risk profile for AL incidence and progression.
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Image by Aron Carls, from Flickr-cc.
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